Psych Exam Chapter 12 - 16262 Words

Chapter 12, Exam 3 Name: ___________________________________ Date: ______________ 1. The definition of _____ is a negative emotional state occurring in response to events that are perceived as taxing or exceeding a persons resources or ability to cope. A) a hassle B) stress C) a stressor D) appraisal 2. Which of the following is the BEST definition of stress? A) the demands that are made on you by other people B) deadlines, daily hassles, or inconveniences C) a negative emotional state caused by your perception that you are unable to cope with events or circumstances D) the mental processes that people use to make sense out of their environment 3. During their third year at college, Tammy and Timothy both lost their part-time jobs in†¦show more content†¦13. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS): A) measures acculturative stress. B) uses personality measures to estimate the length of time it will take a person to recover and readjust from the stressful effects of major life traumas. C) was an attempt to quantify and rank the impact of stress-producing events in a persons life. D) measures the effect that everyday events that annoy and upset people has on health and well-being. 14. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), which was an attempt to quantify and rank the impact of stress-producing events in a persons life, was developed by: A) Richard Lazarus. B) Robert Ader and Nicholas Cohen. C) Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe. D) Janice Kiecolt-Glaser and Ron Glaser. Page 3 15. Holmes and Rahe believed that any change that required you to adjust your behavior and lifestyle would cause stress. In an attempt to measure the amount of stress people experienced, they developed the: A) Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ). B) Daily Hassles Scale (DHS). C) Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). D) Cognitive Reappraisal Rating Scale (CRRS). 16. In contrast to the conclusions reached by early stress researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe, contemporary health psychologists now believe that: A) to improve its predictive power, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale needs to be expanded from 43 life events to 125 life events. B) positive life events, such as vacations or marriage, have aShow MoreRelatedPsych Syllabus Essay2272 Words   |  10 PagesIntroductory Psychology COURSE CREDIT 4 credit hours TERM/YEAR Win 2014 COURSE LOCATION http://macomb.angellearning.com TIME/DAY 24/7 for eight weeks FACILITATOR Dr. Orlich E-MAIL Angel course e-mail system TEXT Rathus, S.A., PSYCH 3 (Wadsworth/Cengage, 2014) Psychology. COURSE DESCRIPTION OUTCOMES This course will provide an introductory overview of the nature, scope, and methods of psychology as behavioral science, emphasizing development, biological foundation ofRead Moreâ€Å"Vulgarized Filipino Identity: Development of Filipino Profanity†5036 Words   |  21 Pagesfor Related Research or Articles: Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday * Compiling the Researched Materials and Finalizing the needed requirement before the midterm exams: Wednesday, Friday and Sunday * Completing the Research Work: after the mid term exams * Surveying and Interviewing: Free time after mid term exams Methodology This section presents the method of study, instrument used, the procedures in the preparation and administration of the instruments and the treatmentRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesLise Johnson Sarah Vernon Amy Scholz Laura Finley Dorothy Sinclair Sandra Dumas Susan McLaughlin Kevin Murphy Laura Ierardi Allison Morris Hilary Newman mb editorial services David Levy  ©Michael Eudenbach/Getty Images, Inc. This book was set in 10/12 ITC Legacy Serif Book by Aptaracorp, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Kendallville. The cover was printed by Courier/Kendallville. This book is printed on acid free paper. Copyright  © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reservedRead MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 Pagesto the Universe with MasteringAstronomy, 6E_Eric Chaisson,Steve McMillan (IG+TB) Auditing Assurance Services, 5e_Timothy J. Louwers,Robert J. Ramsay,David H. Sinason,Jerry R. Strawser,Jay C. Thibodeau (SM+TB) Auditing Assurance Services__ARENS_ 12 E ( SM ) Auditing _ARENS_13e (SM) Auditing A Business Risk Approach, 6th Edition_Larry E. Rittenberg,Bradley J. Schwieger ,Karla Johnstone (SM+TB) Auditing A Business Risk Approach, 7th Edition_Larry E. Rittenberg,Karla Johnstone,Audrey Gramling

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural Gas Well Research Paper

Essays on The Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural Gas Well Research Paper ï » ¿To whom it may concern: I am glad to transmit to you a copy of my study on the feasibility of natural gas well drilling in (name of the location). The paper defines the plans and tasks for the investigation of the potential advantages and disadvantages of natural gas wells in residential areas. This study involves all environmental stakeholders, such as policymakers, researchers, businesses, and communities. This study aims to integrate and synchronize scientific research on natural gas. This study is motivated by the vision of the global and local community endowed with the scientifically based knowledge to deal with the opportunities and threats of change in gas production and delivery and similar environmental mechanisms. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural Gas Well Drilling in Residential Areas Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Benefits of the Use of Natural Gas†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Research Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Conclusions and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 6 Abstract Due to growing environmental problems, such as escalating greenhouse gas emissions, scientists are looking for ways to lessen the damages caused by gas production and delivery. One of the discovered ways to reduce environmental degradation is the generation and use of natural gas. Several nations are now investing in this new technology; however, the delivery and use of this new technology in residential areas have been overlooked. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the potential advantages and disadvantages of drilling natural gas wells in residential areas. Introduction With the escalating energy cost and its uncertain supply, the notion of self-sufficiency is increasingly becoming appealing. Under (the location where the drilling will take place) there exists a rich supply of natural gas that a residential area may tap into. The idea of self-sufficiency can be realized through a natural gas well. A natural gas well is similar to water well in a number of aspects. It is a drilled opening that is punctured and enclosed (Flavin Lenssen, 1995). Natural gas wells are normally made at higher depths, total length cementing of the casing and steel casing is needed (Cook, 2003). Odorizers, regulators, and gauges are component of the construction of natural gas well at completion (Behreandt, 2005). One aspect to bear in mind is that majority of natural gas wells in this community also generate water that has to be drained regularly. Similar to natural gas, water follows the direction of the slightest resistance and a large portion of the gas productions make both natural gas and water (Flavin Lenssen, 1995).This is usually mineralized water and must not be thrown into a stream. A natural gas well can cool and provide heat for your home, produce electricity, boil water, and dry your clothes (Chief Executive, 2006). It is genuinely a precious resource. This paper will discuss and argue for the potentials and uses of natural gas wells in residential areas. Benefits of the Use of Natural Gas The benefits of natural gas to the environment are a powerful asset from the very beginning. Methane is the most basic of hydrocarbons, with a greater proportion of hydrogen to carbon than other conventional gases such as fossil fuels (Flavin Lenssen, 1995). In the 1950s, natural gas contributed to the reduction of harmful sulfur levels in the air of London (p. 34). In reality, these two pollutants are mainly non-existent in natural gas by the time it reaches consumers. Burning of natural gas also generates no residue and smaller amounts of unstable nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons than coal or oil does (Logan Chandler, 1998). Moreover, dissimilar to gas it contains no heavy metals. Methane, as a gaseous energy, has a tendency to be burned more thoroughly than liquids or solids are (Flavin Lenssen, 1995). Natural gas generates roughly ‘30% less carbon dioxide per unit of energy than oil does and 43% less than coal’ (p. 34), hence, lessening its effe ct on the environment. It is also fairly simple to process in comparison to oil and less costly to transfer than coal, which is usually transported by rail (Cordier, 2003). However, in fairness, methane gas is not totally harmless. When improperly processed, it can blow up. And as a potent greenhouse gas as such, it can aggravate atmosphere warming (Flavin Lenssen, 1995). However, with proper treatment, both of these dangers can be lessened remarkably. While dependence on natural gas increases during the recent years, one of its greatest components will become evident: it is the rational link to what several scholars think will become humanity’s final energy source—gaseous hydrogen generated from renewable resources such as solar energy (Cook, 2003). Due to the fact that these two energies are quite comparable in their chemical content and in the components they need, the move could be quite a simple one (Cordier, 2003). While the world moved from solid energies to liquid fuels, so could a transition from liquids to gases be progressing nowadays (Flavin Lenssen, 1995)--- hence improving the purity and productiveness of the entire energy system. Research Methodology This study examines different possibilities of drilling natural gas wells in residential areas, mainly by using thoroughly tested global techniques. The audience of this paper is mainly policy-makers, researchers, businesses, and communities interested in the interconnected cluster of political, environmental, economic, and industrial concerns that should be dealt with in attempting to control emissions of greenhouse gases. This study is conducted with a global framework. The key influence of this study is to present scientifically based and integrated investigation that will enlighten the debate over the advantages and potential harms of natural gas wells in residential areas. The study should address a variety of ambiguities that can greatly affect the prospect of natural gas: (1) the nature and level of greenhouse gas reduction techniques that will be implemented in the community; (2) the overall production cost and amount of natural gas supply base in the residential area; (3) the needed technology, as identified by comparative costs of various emissions guidelines and technologies over time; and (4) the development of global gas markets, as determined by geology and economics. Conclusions and Recommendations The prospect of natural gas seems strong in spite of the insufficiencies of key improvements in research and development. Nevertheless, there are several areas where research and development could reinforce the status of natural gas as a self-sufficient energy source for residential areas, such as innovation that enhances resource development; lessens the environmental marks of energy creation and transfer; lessens the gas transportation system costs; or enhances the productivity of energy use. The government should invest in research and development engaged in environmentally moral, residential supply of natural gas. This must require a systematically developed program, focused on basic research, applied research, expansion and exhibition. Particularly, the government should be persistent and motivated in its allocation tantamount with the challenges and guarantees of traditional gas use in residential areas. Moreover, deliberations should be carried out on renewing an off-budget project for transportation and use of natural gas. References Behreandt, D. (2005). ‘The High Cost of Heat: Often Described in the Recent Past as an Inexpensive Fuel Option, Natural Gas is Seeing its Costs Shoot Up as Supply is Temporarily Strained. The New American 21(21), 15. Chief Executive. (2006). Here Comes Natural Gas 218: 13+ Cook, L. (2003). ‘Natural Gas-Our Bridge to the Future,’ The Atlantic Monthly (292)5, 8+ Cordier, J. (2003). ‘A High Percentage Play in Natural Gas,’ Futures 32(10), 25+ Flavin, C. Lenssen, N. (1995). ‘The Unexpected Rise of Natural Gas,’ The Futurist 29(3), 34+ Logan, J. Chandler, W. (1998). ‘Natural Gas Gains Momentum,’ The China Business Review 25(4), 40+

The Effect of Modern Day Technology Free Essays

World Literature II November 22, 2010 Cause and Effect Essay 590 Words The Cause and Effect of Modern Day Technology â€Å"The zipper displaces the button and a man lacks just that much time to think while dressing at dawn, a philosophical hour, and thus a melancholy hour. † Ray Bradbury’s character of Beatty explains how technology has negatively had a negative effect in Fahrenheit 451. Technology transforms around us every day and almost every day new technology comes out that makes last year’s technology seem almost prehistoric. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Modern Day Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is no question that technology has made life easier and more convenient as well as, travel faster and life saving medical advancements. It is hard not to wonder how much one actually depends on these new technologies and how they could be used to control everyone. Will the effect of all this technology be good or bad in the long run? Today in our economy we have less people needed for manufacturing and processing jobs and thus a surplus of desk jobs and product designing jobs. These jobs then result in even higher productivity and more advancements.This never ending cycle of productivity and advancements leaves us dependant on technology. In the book The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, the main character Offred explains how new technology was being introduced until the country became dependent on it. Suddenly that technology and the way she had learned to live is taken away and people were lost without it. Some unknown dystopian empire then easily controlled these people that now couldn’t do anything. What if something like that were to happen today, the government started tracking where everyone goes through, navigation systems in cars, or phones and who knows what else.Radio transmitting chips are already being implanted in some dogs so that their owners can find them if they get lost. This same technology could be implanted in kids to prevent kidnappings or in criminals when released from prison. While all of this sounds great at the time, will that technology later be used against us just like it was against Offred? Will governments track all of our movements? Will our thoughts and ideas be read before we can speak them? Will satellites look into our homes to make sure we are eating the right foods?Even today’s news headlines are filled with reports regarding the full body scanners at airports. While all of us want to be safe when flying and the argument is strong for the scanners, the expense or effect of it leaves us literally naked to the government. According to 24/7 Wall St. com, â€Å"the list of devices the Smartphone has begun to replace, and in some cases, that process is so far along that the older products have almost disappeared. † Will technology put more and more people out of work? Will the work that technology replaces humans leave us all lazy because we are not using a physical effort anymore?On the other hand technology has been very beneficial to us. Technology has made us tremendously more efficient and productive, some technology at least, other technology however, is designed to makes us less productive. Hopefully this trend will increase. Some companies have already acknowledged that privacy is an important freedom and are putting things out to help people. For example Apple has acknowledged that people don’t like the idea that they could be tracked through their iPhone without warning.To decrease these fears they created icons that show up on your phone and allow you to see when an application is using your current location, as well as options to limit which applications can use your location. Hopefully more companies will follow in their lead and eliminate possibility of this negative effect of depending on modern day technology. Technology will only be advancing more and the human race will hopefully not succumb fully to it. We have to make good decision regarding how far we will let technology replace the human brain—the ultimate computer. Like Ray Bradbury’s quote, we will no longer have a chance to think. How to cite The Effect of Modern Day Technology, Papers

Analyzing and Interpreting Data free essay sample

Our team has collected, summarized, and interpreted data from the employee survey during the third and fourth weeks of investigation. Findings from the first survey reported that a second survey will be pre-tested before distribution to the employees to ensure effectiveness. The survey questions will be written differently or a new set of questions will be addressed. The intent for the new survey is to analyze and interpret the new data from the second survey prior to making suggestions to senior management regarding the source of employee dissatisfaction prior to creating a model that predicts employee resignation. Summarizing and Presenting Data Our team made revisions from the week two report based on a previously unidentified problem relating to the staff’s weakening morale and a high turnover rate at Ballard Integrated Managed Services, Incorporated. Summarized surveyed data in the BIMS case study will be analyzed by computing descriptive statistics in the form of tables, charts, measures of central tendency, and variability. Conclusions will be drawn from the data and recommendations of the management will be identified. BIMS Overview Barbara Tucker works for Ballard Integrated Managed Services, Inc. and her position is the general manager of Douglas Medical Center (DMC). Tucker’s duties are to oversee three division managers responsible for the food service, hospitality, and maintenance divisions at DMC. The total of staff at BIMS is 452 workers. The turnover rate because of low-skill nature of the positions, is usually 55% to 60% (which is common for the industry) at DMC. In the last four months the turnover rate has increased to 64%, causing an increase in turnovers, costs, an increase of sick time, workers wasting time in the day, work quality has declined, and complaints from the administration at DMC are increasing. Because of the staff’s weakened morale and the repercussions it is causing, and after discussions with the three division managers, Tucker has approved the suggestion of surveying the workers to get to the root of the problem. The human resources manager for DMC is Debbie Horner. She has been assigned as the leader of this project. Horner is competent in employee motivation and will compile the employee survey and a data sheet that will analyze the answers to the questions that were asked on the survey. The survey will be administered to nearly all of the 449 employees excluding the top management team. Research questions asked are about working conditions, quality of training, and level of compensation, shift hours, job security, internal company communication, and fair treatment. After the survey is completed, compiled, and interpreted, Tucker may come up with an explanation. Data Collection and Data Type The data collected was performed through a written survey. As McClave, Benson, and Sincich (2011) state: â€Å"a survey [is where] questions are asked and recorded†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 15). This survey dealt with 10 questions answered through a Likert Scale system of one to five, where one is very negative and five is very positive. At the end of the survey there were four additional questions coded under A, B, C, and D. Because many people view surveys as a waste of time, which explains why only 78 employees responded, even though the survey was sent out to 449 employees. This survey equaled a response rate of only 17. 3 % of the employees surveyed. Also the questions used within the survey to assess the cause of the recent higher turnover rate were too vague. Therefore, this has caused the team to evaluate whether these questions should be considered or should be removed. The type of data collected from the survey is of both qualitative and quantitative data measures. For instance, the last two questions coded under C and D is of qualitative data because they ask questions of gender and have a yes or no format. If one answers yes that does not mean it is greater than a no. Most of the questions from the survey contain information of a qualitative stance, but because a scale of one to five was used, this creates a way to measure a response rate of the employees; thus quantitative data is created. Level of Measurement The level of measurement for the data collected is of nominal and ordinal level data. Because the data collected was more of a qualitative measure, according to Lind, Marchal, and Wathen (2011) it â€Å"can only be classified and counted. † The total of employees surveyed is considered a population of interest, and this variable is of a quantitative measure. The responses solicited from the 78 employees is sample data catalogued as ordinal level data because the 10 questions were given a rating of one to five, from very negative as number one, and very positive as number five. The Likert scaled data can be considered interval for calculation purposes. Data Code and Conclusion of Data Purpose The data code is the kind of steps involved in leading a study included in the beginning to seek within a thought of research, a review of the writing, the process of forming of research questions and proposition Other coding topics are the development of the procedure of information, and to be tested, collection of data, coding of data, running of occasion tests, separating the results, and the writing of the reports to spread out to the results. The elimination of data was necessary for the questions not answered. This resulted in a zero answer on the data sheet. The purpose of the data concluded is to discover exactly what the root of the problem is because of people quitting their jobs in the last few months and what is causing the staff’s morale to be down. Analyzed Data in Excel Through the teams’ coding, it was found that 36 employees surveyed work in the housekeeping division, 32 employees under the food department, and only nine works in maintenance. Thus, a great deal of employees who responded to the survey work in an underappreciated division. There were only 12 managers who responded to this survey, yet 64 regular employees took their time to fill out this survey, meaning that they do wish for conditions in the workplace to change. Special attention should be noted for questions six, eight, nine, and 10. Fairness of pay, treatment experienced from division boss, the company’s communication, and fear of losing job are the questions that scored the lowest on the Likert Scale. The histograms shown in the Excel Spreadsheet determine that in general, the responses given by employees are rather negative. Thus, Ballard Inc. must do something quick to control the high turnover rate it is experiencing. Another item to keep in mind is that the average response rate under standard deviation is about a two pointer. This just means that the company is deviating from its’ desired target. Improvement on the issues mentioned above is essential. Conclusions drawn from data (first survey) The results of the employees surveyed determined that he or she has worked for BIMS for an average of four years and six months with 32 employees working in the food division, 36 working in the housekeeping division, and nine in the maintenance division. The conclusions also showed that 48 males and 28 females participated in taking the survey. Feedback provided from this survey did not provide useful findings and is inadequate due to the 17. 3% response rate. As stated previously, the survey questions were worded awkwardly requiring attention to detail. Results reflect that long-term employees in the food and housekeeping divisions need to be heard, particularly males. Recommendations of Management To increase the response rate for another survey, Debbie Horner should provide a pre-tested sample survey to upper management before surveying employees. To increase the value of the survey, questions should be analyzed and worded specifically to target the reason for the lack of morale. General questions serve no value. Distribution of the surveys is important to make sure that all employees receive a survey and make it mandatory for the surveys to be handed back. Holding a company meeting for each division and surveying each division independently would help to narrow down the problem of morale and where it is originating from. Conclusion – Week 3 In conclusion, Barbara Tucker made the right choice to request a survey to be issued. Debbie Horner’s competence in employee motivation did not prove that she could produce a sufficient survey to diagnose the reasoning for the staff’s low morale. Questions asked on the survey was not beneficial and was worded incorrectly resulting in inadequacy. The response rate of employees who took the survey was considerably low causing the distribution of the survey to be reconsidered. Questions on the survey that rated low on the Likert scale should be considered when administering the next survey. Changes in Data The first survey was labeled as a â€Å"BIMS Employee Survey† and the second survey was labeled as a â€Å"BIMS Exit Interview Survey. † Questions one, three, five, and seven on the second survey showed no change because they were asked on the first survey. Question number six was a similar question asked on the first survey. Questions two, four, eight, nine, and 10 are new questions to the employees. The question number 11 focuses on employees who have already left the job. The question asked what the primary reason that led he or she to decide to quit. The last three questions coded as A, B, and C was repeated from the first survey. Conclusions drawn from data (second survey) The results of the second survey given showed that employees worked for BIMS for an average one-year and four months with 32 employees working in the food division, 36 working in the housekeeping division, and 10 in the maintenance division. The conclusions also showed that 23 males and 55 females participated in taking the second survey. The most apparent reason rating only two point two (question 11), showed employees â€Å"do not like the work† and â€Å"do not like the supervisor†, the majority of females answering this survey. Question nine scoring only a two point five reflects that the employees â€Å"do not agree† that they liked working at that location. Other questions that rated two point eight related to job training, company communication, and transportation to and from work. The remaining questions (strongly agree) scored two point nine to three point one related to job security, pay, hours worked, managers, and supervisors. Recommendations of Management To increase the response rate, Debbie Horner should have given advance information explaining the need to gather the employee’s views and reassurances regarding anonymity, confidentiality, and descriptions on how the information would be used. Debbie’s goal to reduce employee turnover and improve morale could be determined through exit interview surveys. She would be able to identify the areas of greatest concerns of the resigning employees. Debbie decided that her next study population would be directed to those who had voluntarily left BIMS. Based on the high turnover rate, she could do exit interviews accumulating 75-80 completed surveys over the next few months. Descriptive statistics and frequencies could be calculated from the data compiled reflected on a regression statement, used to predict future resignations. This type of surveying could help the company internally. The model that Debbie plans to create would help to predict employee resignation and the HR department could develop new programs for current employees. Conclusion – Week four Feedback provided from this survey did not provide useful findings and is inadequate due to the 17. 3% response rate. Although the most apparent reason shows on question 11, rating only two point two, and employees â€Å"do not like the work† and â€Å"do not like the supervisor. † As stated before, the majority of the employees surveyed was females and worked in either the food or housekeeping division. This is the employee population to target. The exit interviews will help to determine the reason for quitting his or her job, but internally the food and housekeeping division females need to be approached so they will not want to quit their job.

Shelter for the mentally challenged

The availability of basic shelter is critical in the life of mentally challenged persons. It is essential that this basic human need be availed to them because most of them are not in a position to provide it for themselves. The shelter should also be able to accommodate their shortcomings and protect them from discrimination by society. The provision of shelter goes a long way in aiding in the mental, physical and most fundamentally psychological development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Shelter for the mentally challenged specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People that are mentally incapacitated are found to have difficulties in their personal hygiene. Personal hygiene has been identified as a huge factor in their discrimination in society. This discrimination significantly contributes to further damage in their mental and psychological status. This is as a result of feeling unwanted and uncared for in the envi ronment that they inhabit. However, establishment of shelters for them will be critical in ensuring that their body hygiene is maintained at acceptable standards. In so doing, the discrimination along these lines will be a thing of the past making them develop normally. The day to day handling of daily events is significantly affected by mental instability. Routine habits are significantly upset in the life of the mentally challenged individual. The creation of a fixed program is, therefore, essential in helping them overcome this problem. The attainability of fixed program can be attained by setting up of shelters that are specifically designed for them. The shelters will facilitate the enactment of thus routines that will help them in the regaining of their mental stability. The workability of the set up program will also aid in the psychological development of the affected persons. This is in the sense that programs being undertaken are repeated making them stick in one’s mind and being part of the system. The provision of shelter to the mentally handicapped is essential in instilling a sense of belonging into them. Psychologically, this is critical to the stability of the mind of such persons and its subsequent development. It gives them a sense of identity and a point of association with the rest of the community. For the mentally challenged individuals, it will provide a place called home, which is extremely critical towards their perception of life and society as a whole. In addition to that, it gives them an identity which lessens the discrimination towards them by other members of the society.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Under a controlled environment, in this case a shelter, this person’s ability to integrate into society is significantly increased. Their association with each other makes them to accept their condition in relation to the state of mind. The varying levels of deficiencies in the mind will go help them appreciate the conditions and work towards coming out of it. The communal life in the shelter will make it easy for them to be taught the basic, acceptable values in society. The discrimination directed towards them basing on such grounds will, therefore, be to a large extent reduced. The establishment of shelters for the mentally challenged is essential in helping them improve and eventually overcome this state of mind. The shelters provide an almost perfect environment for the achievement of thus function. They give these persons a sense of belonging, in addition to providing them with, an opportunity to learn societal values and norms. The acquisition of these kinds of education significantly helps in lowering of discrimination levels against them. The shelters are, therefore, critical to their mental and psychological state of mind. This essay on Shelter for the mentally challenged was written and submitted by user Annabella Mosley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Internet Censorship and Freedom of Press Right essay

Internet Censorship and Freedom of Press Right essay Internet Censorship and Freedom of Press Right essay Internet Censorship and Freedom of Press Right essayThe introduction of censorship in internet raises the problem of the open access of individuals to information and the freedom of mass media. Therefore, the current debate on the necessity of the introduction and enhancement of censorship in internet is unnecessary and dangerous for basic human rights of users. This is why the current study focuses on the problem of censorship and internet.Thesis statement: the development of internet raises new threats and challenges but the introduction of the government censorship over internet contradicts to basic human rights and primarily violates the freedom of press right because censorship will limit the access of the public to information, while the public should have the right to know everything to prevent the misuse of power by the government and other actions of the government that may be harmful for public interests.2 Reasons for the introduction of internet censorship2.1 Key issues w hich are relevant today and may affect people now and in the future.2.1.1 The progress of technology creates numerous precedents and problems in regard to the observation of human rights. The development of online technologies contributes to the emergence of new problems, such as the problem of the identity theft, information breaches, misuse of information technologies to get access to the private information of users.2.1.2 Many issues related to the violation of the copyright law online are among major concerns that raise the pro-censorship debate. The development of internet opened the way for audio- and video-records sharing, including music and films and other audio-visual products that were protected by copyright laws and legal norms. As a result, owners of copyright and intellectual property rights suffered from substantial losses caused by such misusing of their property.2.1.3 Numerous cases of unethical behavior of users online is another reason for the development of censo rship to limit the violation of ethical norms. For instance, the emergence of online pornography is offensive in regard to the existing legal and ethical norms but often sexually explicit content may be available freely to all users, including children. In such a situation, the censorship turns out to be very important in terms of the prevention of possible risks of the violation of ethical norms of users.2.1.4 Mass media also report on numerous cases of child abuse online committed by predators. Children are vulnerable to the impact of predators online because they cannot identify users, whom they communicate with online. Internet creates ample opportunities for predators and other online offenders to misuse internet to create false identities and to reach their ends.2.1.5 The idea of the introduction and enhancement of censorship in relation to internet naturally emerges from the existing threats and risks associated with the uncontrollable use of internet.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.2 Gov ernment censorship can protect users  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.2.1 Government can introduce censorship and allow law enforcement agencies to conduct the investigation of cases that may be dangerous for the public or individuals  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.2.2 Government has more tools to maintain the censorship effectively compared to public or non-public organizations. Therefore, there are presumably no alternatives to the government censorship in internet.3 Negative effects of internet censorship introduced and maintained by the government3.1 Consequences of such censorship are negative and dangerous for democratic societies. The introduction and enhancement of online censorship by the government will raise another problem related to the violation of basic human rights and freedom of press.3.2 There is a risk of misusing the power by the authorities to ‘filter’ information flow via internet. As a result, the government can have excessive control over use rs and information flow. Such control is dangerous since the public may have limited access to certain information, while the government will play with information flows to meet its interests or interest groups supporting the government.3.3 People using internet turn out to be under the surveillance of the government, since the information is censored and, therefore, controlled and studied by law enforcement agencies.3.4 Censorship is the violation of the privacy right along with the right of freedom of press.4 Alternatives to the government censorship  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.1 The development of software aiming at the enhancement of the individual information safety. For instance, users can set parameters of their information security using the software developed specifically for the protection of information of users. In such a way, they can determine which threats they want to protect themselves from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.2 The development of secure networks is another way to protect priva te information and avoid information security threats. In fact, today, many companies have already started implementing such solutions to secure their networks. In such a situation, the government censorship becomes unnecessary because secured network can protect users from numerous threats and risks associated with information breaches and other issues related to the information security.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.3 Individual responsibility of users is particularly important in terms of the protection of users. In fact, information security problems emerge mainly because users are careless and do not pay much attention to the problem of their information security.   As a result, when users take responsibility and are careful, they may decrease the risk of information breaches. For instance, users should not provide their private information to unreliable websites, but many users do it that leads to information breaches, identity thefts and other problems.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.4 Corporate r esponsibility is also important because companies developing and providing IT and online services should act responsibly. They should be aware that they may expose their customers to risks and threats associated with the violation of information security. In this regard, the corporate responsibility could have become an effective tool that could have helped to secure internet making government censorship unnecessary. In addition, companies offering reliable information security services could attract more customers seeking for secure online services.5 ConclusionThus, the introduction of the government censorship that will monitor and control internet and information flow transmitted via internet will have a negative impact on the society because it violates basic human rights, such as the privacy right or the freedom of press right. This is why the government should refuse from the introduction of censorship in internet because the public should have the right to have access to the information, while the government has no right to decide what people should know and what they should not. Instead, people should have the free access to the information and they may choose how to secure themselves from possible threats, for instance, with the help of special information security software.

Human Infections in the Year 2009 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Human Infections in the Year 2009 - Essay Example These impacts could range from just interfering to the normal metabolic functions of the host organisms to the instant cause of death to the host. There are many types of infection in the human contexts such as parasitic, bacterial, or viral infections. Many of these infections caused many human lives throughout the ages. From the bubonic plague to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, infections played an important involvement in humans' history, religion, and evolution. The breakthrough of the microscope gave way to the discovery of microorganisms. There are two types of cell that could be found in the living world, the prokaryotic and the eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are primarily characterized by the absence of nuclear membrane within the cell while eukaryotic cells have nuclear membrane that separates the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from the other organelles in the cytoplasm of the cell. Bacteria are microorganisms believed to be the first life forms on earth. Prokaryotes could be eubacteria or true bacteria, or archaebacteria. The difference between eubacteria and archaebacteria are the absence of muramic acid in the cell wall of archaebacteria, the presence of ester linkage between lipids in eubacterial cell membrane and ether linkage in archaebacteria, the different structural types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase present between the two, the resistance of archaebacteria to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and kanamycin, and the hig h tolerance of archaebacteria to strive in extreme physico-chemical factors of environments such as hot or cold temperature, high salinity, and others as compared to eubacteria. Furthermore, some other differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are the presence of cell wall in most prokaryotes which is composed of mucopeptide, and polysaccharide protein, while, most eukaryotic cell wall is polysaccharide. The absence of mitochondria and chloroplast organelle in prokaryotes is also observed. The presence of plasmids- a circular extra-chromosomal double stranded DNA capable of self replicating and could transfer genetic information to nuclear DNA for the cellular survival- in prokaryotes is commonly observed although some eukaryotes could have plasmids, the occurrences are very rare. The ability of prokaryotes to reduce sulfur, fix atmospheric nitrogen to N2, produce their own food with the utilization of inorganic nutrients, and the ability to store poly-B-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is detected (Pandolfi et al. 2007). Among the infections known to science, the bacterial infections are the most common. Different kinds of diseases are caused by different kinds of bacteria. Eubacteria or true bacteria or simply bacteria could be classified into groups through their shapes, sizes and staining technique used to view them. There are six basis of classifying bacteria. These are shape, Gram reaction, atmosphere, spores, biochemistry, and serology test. Bacterial shape could be cocci, spiral, or bacilli. Cocci are spherical, bacilli are long and thin shape, and spiral could vary in wavelength and curve. On the other hand, classifying bacteria through Gram reaction is based on its cell wall properties. The Gram reaction could result to Gram-negative or

A New Earth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A New Earth - Essay Example It is true that one never realizes the importance of a person in his/her life unless that person is detached from him/her. Just like I realized the importance of my best friend in my life when he passed away in an air crash. I had never come across such a situation before. My entire existence clung like a thread on his presence in my life and I was nothing without him. His departure from this world brought me so close to reality, it taught me the biggest lesson of my life. The way others react to such a situation is both helpful and displeasing for you. Helpful in a way, that you can vent out your feelings. You can shout, cry and yell out at them. And displeasing in the sense that everyone directs his/her sympathies towards you. It makes you a victim of self pity and denial. It hurts your ego and your conscience. The worst part of it is that you cannot share the feeling of agony and excruciating pain with anyone else. My best friend’s death left an irreparable scar on my soul. It made me feel isolated and helpless. I thought I was the only one to be a victim of this folly while everyone else lived their lives normally. I thought some calamity had struck me and it is unnatural. However after reading A New Earth, I realized that this was not anything unnatural and a lot of people in this world have been through the pain of losing their loved ones. This book gave me a part of the peace that I was long looking for. In chapters two, three and four, Tolle talks about human ego. It explains how this sense of â€Å"us† against â€Å"them† leads to lethal rivalries. He talks about how others make us a victim of inferiority complexes. This was so true in my case. Whenever I’d see a pair of best friends together in my school, I’d plunge down into an inferiority complex. Why is my best friend separated from me? I thought. I asked myself some unanswerable questions and went down the memory lane of all the good times I had spent with my bes t friend. The laughter, the smiles and those moments of rejoice had all become memories. It was just so hard to believe in that. This book gave me a chance to understand that the accident that occurred, occurred by the will of God and hence I shouldn’t be the one blaming myself or feeling inferior. I felt that the grief had settled within and there was no way I could be happy or jolly again. I could never be the same hyper and fun-filled person again. There are different ways in which others react to accidents or losses of this magnitude. Either they become introverts and start suppressing their feelings or they find other ways of venting out their frustrations. Some become angry, some bitter. Some try to become self-destructive in trying to cope up with the pain better, while others become jealous of people around them. It’s the feeling of loss and deprivation that inflicts more pain on you. The most appropriate lines that I found in the reading are: â€Å"Apart from the obvious ones such as anger, hatred and so on, there are other more subtle forms of negativity such as impatience, irritation, being fed up and nervousness† (Tolle 148) If you just feel that your loved one is just around you, he can feel you, he is watching you, guiding you in every step of your life. The thought that my best friend is close to me even after his departure has made me feel better and has given me strength. So it’s a trick to not think about the loss deeply when you are in such situations.

A research paper about Toni Morrison's novel Beloved Essay

A research paper about Toni Morrison's novel Beloved - Essay Example Besides, Morrison also foregrounds the significance of storytelling and employs different narrative voices to reflect Sethe’s fragmented stories. This form of narration allows her to keep the reader interested and eager to know the unfolding of the story. Morrison’s allusion to â€Å"Sixty million and more† represents not only an acknowledgement but also a tribute to the millions of Africans that had to go through the Middle passage. The exact number of these people who underwent much suffering and pain will never be known; however, their memory will survive through their experiences and writings like Morrison’s and others that strive to keep the memory alive. This statement reveals: â€Å"Let us turn to Beloved, a Pulitzer Prize winning book set in antebellum America. Usually classified as a neo-slave narrative, it deals with slavery and the myriads of traumas inflicted by such a horrifying institution on the survivors† (Palladino 54). Through Seth e’s and her fellow slaves’ experiences, Morrison portrays the atrocities and evil these millions of slaves had to go through. Besides, this homage to those who experienced slavery has a deep connection with another number that begins the novel: â€Å"124 WAS SPITEFUL. Full of a baby's venom. ... Therefore, 124 has a special link with slavery not only because it was a house that offered refuge to runaway slaves but it also symbolizes the brutalities of slavery through the painful murder of Sethe’s baby. In fact, the missing figure (3) in the number represents Beloved, Sethe’s third child sacrificed through the devastation of slavery, but it also symbolizes all the victims who died in the sea or through of the atrocities of their enslavement. This critic informs: â€Å"The sequence 1 2 4 that misses the third figure, signifies the absence of Sethe’s third child: Sethe has four children, Howard, Buglar, the little killed baby, and Denver. Beloved has been excluded from the family, from life and from being enumerated among Sethe’s children; she has been left out and consciously forgotten for being a heavy and unbearable memory†(Palladino 57). Thus, this deliberate effort to forget Beloved represents an attempt to ignore the pain and suffering r elated to slavery. Moreover, Morrison uses an efficient writing strategy in order to expose the destructive nature of slavery. She carefully combines form and content in an attempt to foreground the brutalities of slavery and the trauma it caused its victims. Indeed, the first paragraph sets the tone of the story without telling explicitly what the real problem is. This style reflects Morrison’s effort to keep the reader interested and waiting. The narrator introduces the ghost without naming it: â€Å"As soon as two tiny hand prints appeared in the cake (that was it for Howard). Neither boy waited to see more; another kettleful of chickpeas smoking in a heap on the floor; soda crackers crumbled and strewn in a line next to the door sill. Nor did they wait

Building on Porters Value Chain Model for Design Management

Building on Porters Value Chain Model for Design Management Building on porters value chain model (1985), design management creates value at three different levels: management of design activities, integration of design function into all business processes and decisions to the design vision within the company vision and strategy (Sinha, 2002). What is Design? Design is a process of seeking to optimise consumer satisfaction and company profitability through the creative use of major design elements (performance, quality, durability, appearance and cost) in connection with products, environments, information and corporate identity (P Kotler, GA Rath, 1984). It involves a wide range of professions in which products, graphics, services, interiors and architecture all take part. Design is a problem solving, systematic, creative and a coordinating activity (Borja de Mozota, 1998). It is a creative and management process. Design is a process that has four essential characteristics (Walsh et al, 1992). The 4Cs Creativity: the creation of something new Complexity: decisions on large number of parameters and variables Compromise: Balancing multiples and conflicting requirements Choice: making choices between many possible solutions to a problem at all levels Why is Design Important? Design enhances products, communication, environment and corporate identity. Design objective is to create high satisfaction for target customers and profits for the enterprise. It is an important strategic tool in firms unending search for a sustainable competitive advantage. Design seeks to discover and assess structural, organisational, functional, expressive and economic relationships with the task of enhancing global sustainability, environmental protection, giving benefits and freedom to entire human community, supporting cultural diversity despite the globalisation of world. (Borja de Mozota, 2003). Designers play an important role in how companies use information, how product information is documented and communicated (Lawson 1990, vossoughi 1998, French 1994). Design involves finding and identifying problems as much as solving them (Lawson, p.136, 1994). What is Design Management? Peter Gorb, 1990 defines design management as the effective deployment of the design resources available to a company by line managers in order to help the company achieve its objectives. Design management involves managing the creative process within the corporation and managing the company according to design principles. it is about managing the processes of innovation and design. Design management analyzes the diverse elements necessary for the successful integration of design as an essential component of design strategy (Gianfranco Zaccai). Importance of design management pg 68 Creativity is a process which results in a novel work that is accepted as tenable or useful or satisfying by a group at some point in time (Stein 1956). Creativity has been considered as a type of problem solving (Matlin, 2002). Puccio, 1997 illustrated that creativity contributes to effective leadership and discovering new and better ways of solving problems, the effective use of human resources and the rapid growth of competition in the business. Design is regarded as a creative process. The process has five phases, each having a different objective and corresponds to the production of visual outputs. (Borja de Mozota, 2003) These design phases are identical no matter what the design project is. PHASES OBJECTIVE VISUAL OUTPUTS 0. Investigating Idea Brief 1. Research Concept Visual concept 2. Exploration Choice of style Rough of ideas, Sketches, Rough of presentations 3. Development Prototype detail Technical drawings, Functional  model, 3-D mock up for visual  correctness 4. Realization Test Documents of execution,   Prototype 5. Evaluation Production Illustration of the product The design process (Borja de Mozota, 2003) In preliminary phase, the idea is generated and the problem is identified which can be solved by the design. In phase 1, the designer analyzes the positioning of product and discovers the technical and functional parameters of the project. In phase 2, the designer makes rough sketches of different possibilities using all his creative resources for the clients. Selection is made between different solutions which are to be developed in phase 3. In phase 3, the selected solution is formally represented in three dimensions. The model is used for various tests and the final model is then adopted ending the creative process. In phase 4, the designer works on realization of a prototype for the project. This requires the collaboration of different departments. In phase 5, tests are launched in three different directions: technical control, calculation test, and marketing evaluation. FCUK French connection, also known as fcuk, founded in 1972 by Stephen Marks was designed to create fashionable clothing aimed at a broad target market. French Connection offers a fashion-forward clothing range with a quirky spin on design, priding itself on quality and affordable prices. Fcuk represents French Connection United Kingdom, and is the casual French Connection clothing range; it has developed into a brand name which is highly renowned and an acronym that relates to the French Connection logo. The French Connection brand operates in the fashion-orientated high street retail market offering a fashion-forward range of quality products at affordable prices. Customers, typically aged 18-35, appreciate that the brand is at the leading edge of high street fashion and offers quality and style in its products. The design teams are based in London and products are manufactured in specialist facilities in Europe and Asia (Fcuk.com, 2009). French Connections operations cover several dist ribution channels, from their own retail outlets, wholesalers in North America, franchises, mail order, to concession stores in a variety of department stores such as Selfridges. French Connection is now one of the most recognisable fashion brands on the high street with a global reach, operating in over 30 countries, with over 1,000 stockists worldwide (fcuk.com, 2009). In February 2001, French Connection paid  £23 million pounds sterling to its US joint venture partner Best of All Clothing who had been operating the 24 French Connection stores before the buyout. Now French Connection holds complete independent ownership. Product/service offering The company design ranges of products for both men and women from underwear to outerwear, casual wear to suits, denim, accessories and childrens wear. French Connection has expanded into new markets at a phenomenal rate and the product range is now hugely diversified. The company began by selling clothing to the mens and womens market, originating as a fashionable clothing range, and has now extended its brand in recent years to include fashion accessories, make-up, toiletries, even condoms and not forgetting more recently alcoholic drinks. Brand licensing plays an important part of the companys strategic plans for expansion with licensing deals revenue. The company has developed into a brand licensing company rather than solely a fashion retailer. The brand had even expanded into radio, with the launch of FCUK FM. The core plan behind the idea is to target 18- to 35 year old to the brand in the future. Fcuk follows a specific pattern to achieve its organisation goals. FCUK advertise d Scent to bed in publications, print ads in magazines that included cosmopolitan, Marie Claire, Maxim and FHM whose readerships were primarily consisted of girls in their early and middle teenage years. Fcuk remained convinced that the campaign was right for its target market. Focus remains to produce fashion-forward products to build on the success of the ladies wear ranges (Fcuk.com, FY09 presentation). USPs French connections controversial ad campaigns with the fcuk fashion developed the brands bold, and witty attitude that has made customers think; with a desire to be innovative, distinctive and yet be affordable and accessible. Their adverts are not like the usual fashion advertising, they leave it open to interpretation of the customer. Fcuk witnessed a sudden fall in late 1980s, but it became one of the hottest brands in England in late 1990s and early 2000s, thanks to its controversial marketing campaign and subsequent rebranding. FCUK has always adopted out of the way advertising and selling techniques, for example their logo FCUK, or the eye catching visuals on the high streets. Accessories such as hats, sunglasses, backpacks, fragrances and the companys new cosmetics line complement the brands fashion (Plunkett 2009). The fcuk logo works as a unique selling point for the brand and separates it from its competitors. Also the exclusive designs, customer satisfaction and service pr ovided by the employees are the unique selling points of the brand. French connection has become synonymous with style and fashion. It strives to maintain the brand credibility and its uniqueness in the market. Innovation and creativity are the characteristic of the designs and the company blends high quality with exciting ideas as well as affordability. Multi -Channel Strategy Apart from the store network such as mail order and the internet the company uses a number of other lucrative channels. With e-tailing, French Connection realised how important their online business is, where they were adamant to win the rights to fcuk.com. In addition to these varied channels deployed, French Connection also grants licenses to retailers worldwide in order to expand their business into new markets. French Connection is aware of the volatility of expanding into new markets. Therefore they are more cautious and get involved with their licensees to follow progress. FCUK and the Market French Connection operates as a multiple specialist fashion retailer, competing against the likes of Zara, HM, Top Shop, Miss Selfridge, Next, River Island and Warehouse. This industry is highly competitive with numerous international brands fighting in the segment. As like all other fashion retailers FCUK has monitored the progress of the Spanish clothing brand Zara. Due to Zaras lean production and efficient logistics, it has taken over a huge share of the market. To compete with them, the design and production teams at FCUK now only commit to less than sixty percent before the launch of the season .The company acknowledges that speed-to-market is crucial in order to give customers what they want, when they want, at the price they want. It sells its products at higher price points than the likes of Zara and HM. However daring its marketing may have been, French Connections clothes were in reality considerably less interesting than those stocked at faster-growing rivals Zara and HM, and the truth finally caught up with the company in 2004. That year, sales began to slow significantly, encouraging the company finally to drop the FCUK slogan from its advertising. That tactic failed to arrest the decline in performance. In May 2009, French Connection announced that like-for-like sales in the UK and Europe rose by 2% during the 3 months ending 16th May, thanks to a strong performance in the women wear sector. Total retail sales in the UK and Europe were up by 8% over the period. French Connection said that women wear had continued to show growth, but that menswear remained difficult (mintel.com). Read Supply chain report. http://tutor2u.net/business/strategy/what_is_strategy.htm Conclusion French Connection has set a personality to its brand, which is exciting and original; this is considered to be exceptional with the number of different brands in the high street. The key to their success is a combination of their stylish clothing range, affordable pricing, merchandising, and controversial advertising. As the brand is continuously innovating itself, they aim to create more fashionable clothing ranges by taking the opinion from important people in the fashion industry. The advertising will remain innovative and creative but will focus more on the clothes itself; creating a unique look that is distinctively, French connection. The brand celebrates individual fashion whilst constantly developing products, market and future goals to expand

Mary Renaults The Last of the Wine Essay -- Mary Renault Last Wine Gr

Mary Renault's The Last of the Wine The Last of the Wine, written by Mary Renault and published by Pantheon Books in 1956, is a classical novel that is both historically informative and entertaining. It is a recreation of classical Greece during the Peloponnesian War, when Pericles was the leader of the city of Athens. The story is being told in the first person narrative by Alexas, an Athenian soldier who survives the war. He reflects on his childhood, his experiences as a soldier, and his society's reaction to the ravages of the Peloponnesian war. This was a time when the Spartans had the city of Athens under siege. They burned the surrounding farms, cutting off the food supply of the Athenians who sought refuge inside the city. Alexas recalls the hardships the Athenians faced and their gallant efforts to protect their city from Spartan invasion. The main themes in this book are war, power, heroism, love, loyalty and growth. We are given further insight into the classical Greek society as Alexas reminisces about his family life, his training as an athlete, the Olympic Games, his homosexual relationship with his mentor Lysis, and his encounters with Socrates the Philosopher. The main characters seem dogged by guilt, loneliness or failure, often the failure to love. The book ends on a triumphant note, with the Athenians defeating the Spartans, and liberating their city from the corrupt politicians. Mary Renault is an award-winning novelist who writes imaginative historical fiction. Her literary works center on the social, cultural and political ambiance of pre-classical, classical, and Hellenistic Greece. Renault "is mainly concerned with deepening and reconstructing myths for the purpose of describing contemporary prob... ...leader to create a vision for our youths and our society at large. We are to examine our political institutions to see if they serve the interest of the people. I can vouch for the authenticity of the information in this book. It is historically correct and can be corroborated by the textbook currently being used in my history class. The Last of the Wine makes delightful reading and will appeal to readers of all interests. Written in a style and language that is easily understood and appreciated, it bristles with excitement, adventure and heroic exploits. With all the foregoing in mind, I strongly recommend this book as a literary masterpiece. Works Cited ILandon, C. Burns Jr., "Mary Renault" in Gunton, Sharon R, ed., Contemporanry Literature Criticism. Twaynes Publishers Inc, 1969, 394-397. 2 Renault, Mary. The Last of the Wine Pantheon Rooks, 1956.

P. S. I Love You Analysis

The movie I chose was P. S. I Love You. To begin with, I chose this movie because I have not seen it yet, but I have heard from my friends that it was a movie that I cannot miss out on. Reading the captions of the movies, it seemed very interesting and as soon as I was done with the movie, I gladly found it interesting. P. S. I love you had a unique plot compared to other love movies, after reading the synopsis I could automatically relate this movie with Chapter one on â€Å"Myth of the right one†. P. S. I Love You introduce its self with the daily lives of Holly Kennedy (the main character) and her husband Gerry Kennedy, a happily married couple going through their up and down stages of their marriage. Until Gerry dies of a brain Tumor, it takes Holly about a year to get over, but the movie narrates her life throughout the year. Holly and Gerry were married for 10 years and she got married at the age of 19, so we can say she married an age where she believed that Gerry was the right one and there would be no other like him. After the death of Gerry, Gerry understood that it would be hard for Holly to get over him so on his last few days before his death he writes several letters instructing her what to do as a last request. Holly received her first letter shortly after Gerry’s funeral on her 30th birthday. Gerry along with Holly’s friends are determined to to make Holly move on from the widow stage and be herself. Throughout the letters (which he had arranged for after his death) Gerry ends them by saying P. S. I Love you. The letter are supposed to encouraged Holly to move on by going out more and spending more time with her friends (Denise and Sharon), but her friends are afraid that the letters are keeping Holly tied up. In one of the final letters, Gerry arranged Holly, Denise, and Sharon, to his home town in Ireland. Once in Ireland, the girls are having fun at a local pub Gerry had recommended them to. At the pub, Holly meets a singer who strongly reminds her of her dead husband Gerry and ends up liking him, but by coincidence he happened to be one of Gerry’s best friends. Throughout the Ireland trip Holly finds out that Denise was having a baby and Sharon is getting married, so it caused Holly to emotionally relapse into herself and get depressed once again. Weeks later in New York Holly believing she was done with her letters until she received her final one from her mom when she was crying to her about how hard it was to go on without the love of her life. But in the last letter Gerry says his final good bye and tells Holly to move on and be herself and to think about what she was before she met Gerry (an Art Major). Eventually Holly finds out she has the talent to design women shoes. As Holly starts her own line of shoes we see that she gained a new confidence and it allows her to finally accept herself for what she has and for her friends to finally experience happiness. So the movie ends by Holly taking her mother to Ireland and as the film ends it shows the audience with a scene where she finally abandoned the fear of falling in love again and has opened up her life to the journey that awaits her. The Character I’m choosing in the movie to explain the problem that the character is facing is Holly. At the beginning of the Movie before Gerry died, Holly believed that he was â€Å"the one†, but then after his death, she goes on a journey that Gerry had left planned for her. Throughout the Journey Holly meets other men and fights her fear of falling in love again, believing that only Gerry was â€Å"the one†. At the end of the movie Holly learns how to accept Gerry’s death and meets a new man. If I were to choose a chapter from the book â€Å"A Daring Promise†, it would have to be the first chapter. As I was explaining throughout the whole essay, Holly is in the category of â€Å"Myth of the Right One†. She believes that there’s only one Gerry out there even after his death, until finally after a year of going through Gerry’s planned letters and other events, she finds a new man, that changed her image of â€Å"the right one†. So is there really only one right one for us? The book tells us that there isn’t such thing as one love, it’s just a myth. Based on the text, I can state that â€Å"One Love† is really a myth. There is more than just â€Å"One Love†. To obtain â€Å"One Love† both partners must always be communicating and come to agreements. In my opinion many people at first believe in only â€Å"One Love† at first because they have not had many relationships. We must come to our senses that nobody is perfect and we have to accept both the good and bad of a person. If you and your partner are willing to make sacrifices, then together you guys can make changes and have the same love for each other and being more united. If there is something I have learned from this assignment, it would be about marriage. I have never experienced a dead wife but I would assume that anyone who loves their partner would go have to go through what Holly did. Throughout the movie I also learned that getting married and losing a husband or getting divorced can affect everything around your life. When Holly was with Gerry they would always argue about when to have kids and when to move out of the apartment, but when Holly was single she lost her main balance of her life and things were pretty hectic in the beginning, until she finally had the support of her family and friends. Marriage is a great responsibility. I have also learned in class that you cannot change a person unless that person is willing to change.

Assessed Practical Essays

Assessed Practical Essays Assessed Practical Essay Assessed Practical Essay Method 1Mass (g)Total Mass Loss (g)Original Mass1.440.00Measurement 11.050.39Measurement 20.900.54Measurement 30.880.56Measurement 40.860.58Measurement 50.860.58CalculationsIn theory the remaining mass after the heating will be only FeSO4, so from this the mass that was evaporated off would be entirely water. From this we can calculate:The number of moles of H2O is the n= m/MrH=1O=16H2O = 18 =Mr0.58/18 = 0.032 moles of H2OThe remaining mass should be entirely FeSO4 so:Fe=56S=32O=1656 + 32 + (416) = 152 = MrThe number of moles of FeSO4 = 0.86/152 = 5.657894737 x 10^-3 MolesTo find the ratio of H2O we need to use:0.032/5.657894737 x 10^-3 = 5.655813953This is approximately 6 so the Formula of the Hydrated Iron (II) Sulphate Crystals is FeSO4.6 H2O.Method 2Titration #Start Vol. (cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)End Vol. (cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)Difference (cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)19.000030.950021.9500211.000033.150022.1500315.000037.250022.050044.000026.100022.1000Average (cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)22.0625Equ ation5 Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8 H+ = 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2OBy finding the number of moles of Fe2+ ions being reduced by the MnO4- ions we can calculate the Mr of the FeSO4.xH2O that was used in the experiment.Calculations22.0625 / 1000 = 0.0220625 dm à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Using n=VxM0.0220625 x 0.01 = 2.2062510-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ moles of Fe2+From the equation you can see that there are 5 moles of Fe2+ taking part in the reaction so:5 x 2.09710-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 1.103125 molThis method has only calculated this for 25cm3 of solution but we need 250 cm3 so we multiply by 10.1.103125 x 10 = 0.01103125 molUsing this and the original mass we can calculate the Mr of the compound and deduce the number of H2O.Using Mr = n/m3.08 / 0.01103125 = 279.2067989Then take away the Mr of FeSO4 gives the amount of water in the compound279.2067989 152 = 127.2067989Then divide by the Mr of water to get how many are in the original compound127.2067989 / 18 = 7.067044381So the formula of the compound is FeSO4.7H2OEvaluationMeasuremen t ErrorsOne of the largest measurement errors is in the weighing of the compound. The scales used only weigh to 2 decimal places. For a titration this is not accurate enough as the titration can precise. The preferable accuracy would be to at least 3 decimal places as the lack of accuracy could greatly affect the results of the calculations.Also in Method 1 we do not know whether or not there was any absorption of moisture during the cooling period. This can be a large problem as the method relies on the fact that the reaction no longer takes place when there is no more water. To escape this problem this reaction could be carried out in a vacuum or have all the moisture evacuated from around the apparatus.The greatest problem being the accuracy scales due to the fact that it can affect both methods but the second problem is mainly to do with the first method.I would suggest the use of Method 2 due to there being less measurement inaccuracies.Procedural ErrorsWithout knowing whether or not a compound is being thermally decomposed is a big downside to Method 1. During the heating there could be gases being given off other than steam, as it is assumed only the water is being removed from the compound.If there is thermal decomposition there would be the mass of the water removed as well as some of the compound. This could prove a large error in the calculations to find out how much water there is in the formula.To avoid this either a different method could be used or a boiling tube, upturned burette and hose could be used to accumulate the gases given off. This may still be inaccurate as the steam given off will also be trapped within the burette. To avoid this it could travel through a condenser first in order to extract the steam from other products. With this the total mass of the compound could be found and calculations could be accurate enough to calculate the amount of H2O in the formula.There is also a problem in not knowing when the reaction is finished ex cept by measuring the compound every so often to find when the mass no longer changes. A more accurate set of scales would help with this problem as we could check for when the mass of the compound stops changing by such large amounts, so that we could assume it was the compound that was now thermally decomposing.These errors are mainly to do with Method 1 and so I would again recommend Method 2 as there are far fewer inaccuracies and procedural errors. The only problem factor in Method 2 is human and unpredictable.

Julius Ceasar Essays (2007 words) - Julius Caesar, First Triumvirate

Julius Ceasar Essays (2007 words) - Julius Caesar, First Triumvirate Julius Ceasar Julius Ceasar Julius Caesar was said to be the greatest man in the Roman world. Some historians, and among them those of international authority, have made greater claims for him. He was the greatest of the Roman would but of antiquity. Looking through the onlg list of rulers, kings and emperors and the rest, they have failed to find an wuqual of this man who refused the style of king but those name Ceasar has become the commanding majesty and power. Great as a general, great as a politican. Born in 102 B.C., or it may have been tow or three years later, Gaius Julius Caesar, to give him his full name, was of the most ancient and aristocratic lineage. Although he himself, rationalist as he was, must have smiled sometimes at the conceit, there were some who said that he was not only of royal but divine descent, since Venus, the goddess of Love, and married a Trojan prince and so become the mother of the legendary founder of the Julian house. All the same, circumstances and perhaps personal inclinations attached him to the comparatively democratic party. His aunt had married as a youth of seventeen to the daughter of Cinna, another leader of the fraction tht was opposed to the aristocratic party under Sulla, Marius, great rival. A year or two later, when Sulla had become supreme in the state, the young man was ordered to put away his wife. He refused, and his life was saved only through the intercession of powerful friends in Rome. But though he had been reprieved, Ceasar was far from safe, and for a time he skulled in the mountains until he managed to get acrss the sea to Asia Minor, where he served in the Roman army that was campaigning against Mithridates, the king of Pontus. At the seige of Mitylene in 80 B.C. he first distinguished himself as a soldier when he saved the life of a hard-pressed cmrade. On the death of he kept himself at the bar. His politics and made a career for himself at the bar. His political learning were showwn clearly enought, however, when he ventured to act as prosecutor of one of Sullas principal lieutnants, who was charged with gross extortion and crueltu when he was governor of the Macedonian province. To improve himself in rhetoric, Casear went to Rhodes to take a course of lessons under a celebrated master of that art, and it was probably at about this time that he had his famous encouter with Mediterranean pirates. These rufians captured the ship in which he was a passenger, and put his ransom. While his messenger was away collecting the money, Caesar made himself quite at home with his captors. He told them amusing stories, joked with them, joined in their exercises, and, always in the highest good humor, told laughed and joined in the fun. But Caesar was as good as his word. As soon as his ransom had been paid some over and he regained his liberty, he went to Miletus, hired some warships, and made straight back to the pirates, and ordered them to be crucified as he had assured them that he would. He also got back the money that had benn paid as his ransom. Still on the fringe of the political arena, Caesar spent the next few years as a gay young man about town. His family wasnt rich, but there were plenty of moneylenders who were glad to accommodate him. He spent money like water, on expensive pleasures women particularly, since he was as facinating to them as they were to him and on building up a body of popular support for the time when he might need it. Then in 68 B.C. he got his first official appointment under Government, as a quaestor, which secured him a seat in the Senate, and in 63 B.C. he appointed Pontifex maximus, a position of great dignity and importance in the religion establishment of the Roman State. He was onthe way up, and his rise was furthered by successful administration of a province in Spain. So capable did he prove that in 60 B.C. he was chosen by Rome, to form with him and crassus what is called the 1st Triumvirate. To strengthen the union between himself and Pompey, Caesar gave Pompey his daughter Julia in marriage. Then after a year as Consul, Caesar applied for, and was granted, the proconculship of Gual

Chautauquas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chautauquas - Essay Example Dilaura explains that note taking process involves writing notes that supplement the lecture notes that will enable effective mastering of the subject under study. Note taking starts by listening and seeing, the art of listening requires that one be active in judging, evaluating and relating the issues being presented. Listening intently enables one to gather the main points that give meaning to the information being provided. Recording of this information is the next step in taking notes. These notes are study aids and therefore they can be graphs, drawings, sketches that illustrate points presented in the lecture (Dilaura 28). A look into the lecture notes after the class is over allows one to fill in the details that are vital in understanding the concepts presented by the lecturer. Formulating questions that aid in the study is the next step of note taking. The questions, drawings, graphs will provide the student with an easier task when going through the notes (Dilaura 33). This also allows one to have knowledge of the areas that may not be clear therefore allowing one to approach their lecturers for assistance. In not taking the key ideas should be separated from the supporting explanations such as drawings, graphs, equations. This is by providing a space between key ideas for these annotations. COA1011 is a course that I find to be the most interesting of all lectures I have attended. This is because it is an engaging course. Apart from providing an understanding of the world of design this course allows one to feed their curiosity by providing students with the chance to air their ideas. It provides an environment for challenging one another in the process of re-inventing the existing ideas. The course encourages aspiring architectures to be critical when making inquiries, when making observations as well as when putting their ideas into creations. Being a supervised

Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Operation Management - Essay Example 5. The experience of the visitors is very poor, especially about the entrance from one of the sides of the park. 6. The size of the park and the amount of the amenities of the park is not being exploited. This may be due to the lack of the availability of complete idea of the park. 7. The size of the park is a great reason for the tagging of a number of the private events in the area; include the display of the fireworks. This leads to a great degree of the pressure. 8. The decrease of the amount of the space also plays a part in the lack of the services. There is the lessening of the space of the park that can be considered of any artistic value. These are the various kinds of the issues that are being faced by the park. The decrease in a number of the green areas has an important impetus on the services of the park in a significant manner. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The park has been facing a period of the distress in a number of the areas. The study aims to provide with a comprehensive p lan to improve all the areas. The objectives have been developed in conjunction with the proposed outcomes. They are as follows: The stopping of the decline of the number of the visits of the park by the restoration of the value of the park. The increase of the number of the visitors in the park. The subsequent increase of the income of the park. The spreading of the natural value of the park by the use of the different kinds of the mechanisms. The proliferation of the audiences of the park into a number of new age groups. The increase of the number of the volunteers of the park. The improvement of the basic levels of the skills and learning of the different constituents of the park. This can involve the use of the different kinds of the... This essay stresses that the new kind of the facilities needs to be developed for the growth of the park. There is a need for the over haul of the amenities of the park. There is a need to look at all the basic kind of the facilities of the park. The development of the facilities shall play an important part in the reclaiming of the lost audience. There are a number of problems that are being faced by the club. The primary deliverables of the park involves strategy is the increase of the number of the audience that visits the park. There is also the need to increase the range of the audiences of the firm. The basal part of the strategy is to increase the reach of the park. This is the strategy that has been outlined for the firm. This paper declares that the park has been suffering due to the lack of the branding. All the parks in the area in the area have been at the forefront in the area have number of the facilities, which they provide. The level of the branding is very high. The concept of the park as a popular place to hang-out has to be re-enforced in the mind of the consumers. This can be done increasing the number of the promotional activities that surround the park. This shall help in the development of the ideas that need to be taken into the consideration. The large part of the population that comes in the park, generally comes for the activities in the park. This can be used as an opportunity for increasing the number of the visitors of the park. They can be used as a medium for increasing the amount of the sales of the entries of the park.

Guess who's coming for dinner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Guess who's coming for dinner - Essay Example This was a historic ruling since before this time interracial marriages were outlawed in sixteen States. Notably, the film also brings out the generational divide linking parents of the couple, both from different races. The interracial couple comprises Dr John Prentice, an African American doctor and Joanna Drayton, the daughter of two liberal parents- the father being a newspaper publisher and the mother a small art gallery owner. The couple met in Hawaii while Joanna was on holiday and John was attending a medical convention. Set in the home of the Draytons, the film unravels in this setting, as John is invited for dinner by Joanna, and later his parents show up. Considering themselves liberal, the Draytons are plagued with the predicament of approving their daughter’s marriage to a black man when John informs them he would cancel the engagement if they do not approve it. Parents from both sides acknowledge the stigma that would come upon their children if they choose to ma rry; however, when John’s parents arrive, a Joanna’s and John’s mother come to an understanding and approves the marriage. In this instance, the fathers are still adamant on the impracticality of such a union. The film reaches its climax when Matt Drayton, Joanna’s father, announces his approval since love surpasses all. The film takes a dramatic turn when Matilda Banks, fondly known as Tillie opposes greatly the marriage of Joanna and John. Tillie has been the house-help of the Draytons for over 20 years, having raised Joanna and therefore feels inclined to express her fear over her marriage to a black man despite the fact that she is black too. Throughout the film, fear and prejudice are the two things that ail society, including even the most liberal of people- the Draytons. This is because they are afraid the world will shun their daughter for her choice of marriage partner. Moreover, Tillie is prejudiced towards white people as she feels they say one thing out in the open but act in a different manner when they are in closed quarters. Furthermore, she understands the stereotype of black people’s inferiority by stating that John was getting ahead of himself by not only being a brilliant doctor, but also falling in love with a white woman. However, John defends his father his decision to marry Joanna, amid all the prejudices, he states that his father had to transport mail for such long distances in order to support him, as it is his responsibility as the person that brought him to earth. John declares that if he were to get a son, he would have the same responsibility. This depiction implies that a parent’s role lies fundamentally in upbringing and support; however, it does not afford the parent the right to dictate the child’s decisions. This is why John unwaveringly states he owes his father nothing and his decision will not be faltered. This is hypocritical as he is willing to cancel the engagement if Joa nna’s father disapproves but he will not do the same if his father disapproves. Stanley Kramer, the producer of the film, received accolade for the film as it addressed a vital topic in society relating to the segregation between blacks and whites that had long persisted in America. The film was a revolutionary as it confronted racism from a societal point of view this is because

Hardware Replacement Project Essay Example for Free

Hardware Replacement Project Essay Assignment: 1 Hardware Replacement Project: Hardware Replacement Project: Your Name Instructors Name Date Assignment: 2 The IT- department in implementing a new CRM solution to its corporate offices. The hardware currently in use is out of date and will not support the CRM application. The hardware must replace prior to deployment. How do the five major variables of project management-scope, time, cost, quality, and risk – relate to this scenario? Scope: Defines what work is or is not included in a project. For example, the scope of a Project for a new order processing system might include new modules for inputting orders And transmitting them to production and accounting but not any changes to related accounts Receivable, manufacturing, distribution, or inventory control systems. Project management Defines all the work required to complete a project successfully, and should ensure that the Scopes of a project not expand beyond what was originally intended. Time: Time is the amount of time required to complete the project. Project management Typically establishes the amount of time required to complete major components of a Project. Each of these components is further broken down into activities and tasks. Project Management tries to determine the time required to complete each task and establish a Schedule for completing the work. Cost: Is based on the time to complete a project multiplied by the daily cost of human Resources required completing the project. Information systems project costs also include The cost of hardware, software, and work space. Project management develops a budget for The project and monitors ongoing project expenses. Risk: Refers to potential problems that would threaten the success of a project. These Potential problems might prevent a project from achieving its objectives by increasing time And cost, lowering the quality of project outputs, or preventing the project from being Completed altogether. We discuss the most important risk factors for information systems Projects later in this section. Assignment: 3 What consideration must be applied when selecting projects that deliver the best business value? A project is a planned series of related activities for achieving a specific business objective. Information systems projects include the development of new information systems, Enhancing existing systems, or projects for replacing or upgrading the firm’s information Technology (IT) infrastructure. Project management refers to the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to achieve specific targets within specified budget and time constraints. Project management activities include planning the work, assessing risk, estimating resources required to Accomplish the work, organizing the work, acquiring human and material resources, assigning Tasks, directing activities, controlling project execution, reporting progress, and analyzing the Results. As in other areas of business, project management for information systems must deal With five major variables: scope, time, cost, quality, and risk. What factors that influence project risk? Results of not meeting or achieving the goal the company needs. Some systems development projects are more likely to run into problems or to suffer delays Because they carry a much higher level of risk than others. The level of project risk is Influenced by project size, project structure, and the level of technical expertise of the Information systems staff and project team. The larger the project—as indicated by the What strategies would you recommend for minimizing the projects risks? In a parallel strategy, both the old system and its potential replacement are run Together for a time until everyone is assured that the new one functions correctly. The old System remains available as a backup in case of problems. And the direct cutover strategy Replaces the old system entirely with the new system on an appointed day, carrying the Risk that there is no system to fall back on if problems arise. Minimizing the projects risks would be difficult for me I would really have to hire someone that would be more of a High Tech IT- to be sure that all the risks that may come with adding new software systems would be easy to manage for a lower tech that may be in house of the company, in my opinion when you change the entire systems to be updated there has to be a happy medium. In order to keep all systems functioning the way they need to. Data for any company is very important in keeping it safe from and harm during the new change processing as well. The strategies I would consider would be to make sure that every data within the company had a storage space to keep it in to avoid the risks of losing it, I would also make sure that we would start with a small portion of the updating to make sure that this new operating system would work for the company as well. There are many OS available to bigger company’s and provide very good updates for the company’s new systems that can and do run excellent without having a lot of risk or problems, but it was tested before actually putting in to action and use. This gave the company a better view and was able to train the employees that were going to need to know, fix, and keep the main performance and upkeep of them. Any organization can add a new OS’s, but the key is learning to the best of your ability to make sure that it will keep the company functioning to its best and completing the goals and requirements it needs to keep them in business as well. Also if you keep your organization with the right level of systems updating then you can be sure that you don’t need to hire a High tech IT service to have the up keep kept up and you are more likely to be able to train your existing IT, this will also save costs because you will not need to constantly call the high tech when you encounter a small problem. Keeping the operating system to the level of the project and the risk would most likely be less than having a system that would be overboard to what each company needs.

Parenting Styles in early childhood

Parenting Styles in early childhood Parenting Style as a Mediator between Childrens Negative Emotionality and Problematic Behavior in Early Childhood Abstract Parenting style is of particular interest in the negative emotional development leading to difficult behavior in children. This paper evaluates research focused on the impact parenting has on childrens negative behavior. The objective was to determine the affects of authoritative and authoritarian parenting as it relates to negative behavior in children. Comparisons will be made to several studies showing similar results. The objective, procedures and results will be evaluated to determine the strength of the research conducted and the validity of the study. Even with limitations, the research does in fact support that authoritative parenting which is firm but loving is more effective at helping children not act out than is authoritarian parenting, which emphasizes compliance and conformity. Introduction Anyone who has ever spent time with preschool children knows that the lives of such young people are marked both by negative emotions and by acting out (often described as temper tantrums). Both are typical and age appropriate. However, also age appropriate to the preschool cohort is the need to begin to learn how to regulate their behavior. While young children have some ability to be self-regulating (as opposed to infants), they lack the cognitive and emotional skills to be able to do so on their own in any consistent matter. Thus one of the tasks of parenting preschool-aged children is to help them learn to separate negative emotions from negative actions. Key to this process is teaching children that negative emotions are perfectly acceptable. The parenting style that is best geared to teaching both aspects of this that negative emotions are natural but that negative acting out is not acceptable is the authoritative parenting style. In contrast, an authoritarian parenting style can be fundamentally harmful to the process of teaching young children to honor but contain their negative emotions such as anger, fear, and dislike. Authoritarian parenting is marked by the parents having very high expectations of compliance to the rules that they put into place and a high level of conformity to the parents beliefs. Authoritarian parents tend to give commands rather than explanations. Authoritative parents also set standards and hold expectations for their children but also allow an appropriate amount of independence on the part of the child and allows for questioning and discussion. Statement of the problem The problem explored in by the research focused on here is how may parents help young children learn how to separate their negative emotions (especially anger and frustration, both very common and entirely acceptable emotions at this stage of life). Parents may often find themselves both angry and frustrated at the child who turns around and bites a friend on the playground or who collapses onto the grocery store floor when denied an especially sugary treat and respond in much the same way as their children yelling back and losing their own tempers. This is hardly an effective response. The most effective response, according to the research examined here, is for parents to help their children understand their emotions, put words to those emotions, and to find appropriate ways to act out their emotions perhaps by tearing paper into small pieces, building up towers of blocks and knocking them over, etc. Parents who help their children separate negative emotions from negative actions are authoritative, allowing children to ask questions and receive honest answers. Parents who insist on compliance and conformity tend to exacerbate their childrens negative behavior. The hypothesis that this paper examines is the following: An authoritative parenting style helps reduce negative behaviors in preschool children that are associated with negative emotions. Literature Review The research summarized here fully supports the idea that parents using an authoritative style are more successful at helping their children reduce their negative behaviors than are parents using an authoritarian style. Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008) found that while young children will act out in negative ways at times regardless of parenting style (this is only to be expected at this developmental stage), authoritative parenting helped reduced this behavior. In other words, that the relations between child negative emotionality and internalizing and externalizing behaviors were partially mediated by mothers authoritative parenting style (p. 209). Moreover, when the authors used confirmatory factor analysis to decontaminate possible overlap in item content between measures assessing temperament and problematic behavior, the association between negative emotionality and internalizing behavior was fully mediated by authoritative parenting. (p.209) The researchers used the following definition for authoritative parenting: Authoritative parenting is characterized by a combination of high warmth, firm but fair control, and the use of explanations and reasoning (p. 212). They observed 98 male and 98 female children from two and a half to four years in Dutch daycare centers. They assessed the parents style of interaction with their children and determined how effective authoritarian and authoritative parents were in terms of helping their children disconnect negative emotions from negative externalization. They found that there was a statistically positive correlation between authoritative parenting and childrens ability to disconnect negative feelings from negative actions. The study attempts to provide insight by measuring maternal perception of their children as it relates to their problematic behaviors both internal and external. In an effort to fill in gaps that exist in previous research studies, the focus was on 3 year old toddlers. In collaboration with child health centers in Holland, 196 preschool children and their mother were randomly selected through a letter distributed to 750 families from the health center. The researchers set out to find direct associations on negative emotions and higher levels of negative emotionality based on authoritarian parenting compared to authoritative parenting. The study intended to indirectly relate problematic behavior to the type of parenting style. Lastly, they wanted to show the association between decreased levels of SES in relation to the level of authoritative parenting and the internalizing and externalizing behaviors. (Figure 1, 2008) Findings Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008) present us with a number of key findings that have such pervasive implications for parenting. All toddlers engage in behaviors such as biting, hitting, screaming, or otherwise acting out. Such behaviors arise as a result of negative emotions. Parents often find these behaviors hard to deal with along with other children and other caregivers. The response by others in the childrens world may be highly negative itself and may thus provoke additional negative feelings, which in turn provoke additional negative behaviors. This is a cycle that is bad for all concerned. Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008) further validated the finding of others that an authoritarian parenting style is aimed at getting children to stop these negative behaviors by commanding them to follow parental orders. However, they also found, such a parenting style ignores the underlying emotions and so is ineffective in preventing the negative behaviors involved. Authoritative parents talk with their children about these emotions, help them understand that such emotions are natural and appropriate, and that there are better ways to express these feelings that will not be seen as negative by others. It is this key part acknowledging emotions while helping children disconnect emotions from actions that makes authoritative parenting effective in reducing negative actions. In other words, parents and young children can work together (with the far greater amount of work being done by the parents, of course) to create a positive feedback system in which children learn to value their emotions while moderating their behavior. The next important finding by Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008) was that whatever elements of personality or temperament are innate, any inborn tendency to act out negatively is far less important than parenting style in terms of the behavior of children. IN other words, Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008) found that authoritative parenting can overcome innate tendencies in children to act out. This is a very important finding for parents and other caregivers. In this longitudinal study, research showed that while young children will act out in negative ways at times regardless of parenting style authoritative parenting helped reduced this behavior. (Paulessen-Hoogeboom, et al, 2008) Using correlation and covariance showed in preliminary analysis there was no significant differences in the mean scores based on gender or birth-order variables. Using a variety of statistical analysis tools including chi-square, AGFI to measure the amount of variance and covariance the results indicated a good fit. The adjusted model, which omitted certain paths, resulted in removing the authoritarian parenting from the model. This revealed a negative association between emotionality and maternal authoritative parenting. (Figure 2, 2008) Discussion The study sets out to determine possible cause and link to childrens negativity emotionality and problematic behavior through a sample drawn from the general population. There was evidence that a childs negative emotions and problematic behavior is related to parenting and is mediated by authoritative parenting from the maternal parent. This research is echoed by others and in fact substantiates the body of research in this area. Similar findings were reported by Kochanska, Murray, Coy (1997) found that mothers who scored high on sensitivity measures and responded quickly to requests made by their toddlers (that is, mothers who used an authoritative parenting style) were effective in limiting negative behavior on the part of their children. Both sensitivity and speed in responding to requests were made in response to childrens expressing negative emotions in words: The maternal response emphasized and supported the childrens use of verbal expression rather than physical acting out when the child felt negative emotions. In this longitudinal study, one year after the researchers initially observed the toddlers, they found that the children rated higher on cooperativeness and prosocial behavior than did children who had parents with a less responsive style. Kochanska, Murray, Coy (1997) found that both outgoing and shy toddlers benefited from a responsive but firm parenting style. This finding is important because it suggests that parenting style can at least in some measure trump temperament or personality, or Different socialization experiences can predict the same developmental outcomes for children with different predispositions, and a given socialization experience can predict divergent developmental for different children. Another study that that the groundwork for the work by Paulessen-Hoogeboom etal was Clark Ladd (2000). In observing kindergarten-aged children and their mothers, they assessed the level of mutual warmth, happiness, reciprocity, and engagement. (They used these terms to operationalize the concept of authoritative parenting.) They found that children and mothers who scored high on all of these measures (and who thus met the requirements for an authoritative family) scored much higher on positive behavior regardless of internal emotional state. Both teachers and peers described these children as being more empathetic, more socially accepting and acceptable, as having more friends, and as having more harmonious relationships with both other children and adults. The body of research in this area was confirmed and consolidated by Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008). All three of these studies find clear, significantly statistical results between an authoritative parenting style and the ability of young children to contain negative emotions in an appropriate way. Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008) summarized their findings: The finding that an authoritative parenting style mediates the relations between negative emotionality and problematic behaviors underscores the importance of providing effective parenting support to parents who have difficulties in dealing with their young childs negative emotionality on a daily basis. When parents can be trained and encouraged to react to their childrens negative emotionality in an adaptive way, parent-child interactions may become more enjoyable, thereby reducing the occurrence of problematic behaviors and preventing more serious behavioral problems later in life (Campbell, 1995; Patterson, 1982). We note that even in general population samples, a substantial percentage of children (up to 10%) may develop internalizing- and externalizing-behavior problems in the clinical range. (p. 226) In any research, you must consider any limitations that may affect the results of the study. In this study, there were several limitations to be noted. The correlation design set limits on the causal interpretation, some findings may be accounted for based on genetics, there was a not a diversity in socioeconomic backgrounds and the study only focused on one parent. The findings also revealed a significant association between increased negative emotionality associated with less supportive parenting and was more prevalent in lower socioeconomic backgrounds. (Paulussen-Hoogeboom, Stams, Hermanns, Peetsma, 2007). Conclusion The findings of Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008) reveal that young children can be helped by authoritative parenting to disengage negative emotions from negative behavior. This is a lesson that has immense value for the entire lifespan. Through authoritative parenting, mothers were able to help them understand that such emotions are natural and appropriate, and that there are better ways to express these feelings that will not be seen as negative by others. These findings are consistent with other studies that have been done. The study is not without limitation but still successfully supports the hypothesis presented. References Grazyna Kochanska,Kathleen Murray,Katherine C Coy.(1997). Inhibitory control as a contributor to conscience in childhood: From toddler to early school age.Child Development,68(2),263-277. Retrieved February 23, 2010, from Career and Technical Education. (Document ID:12543990). Karen E Clark,Gary W Ladd.(2000). Connectedness and autonomy support in parent-child relationships: Links to childrens socioemotional orientation and peer relationships.Developmental Psychology,36(4),485-498. Retrieved February 23, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID:56531644). Marja C Paulussen-Hoogeboom,Geert Jan J M Stams,Jo M A Hermanns,Thea T D Peetsma.(2007). Child Negative Emotionality and Parenting From Infancy to Preschool: A Meta-Analytic Review.Developmental Psychology,43(2),438. Retrieved February 23, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID:1249797641). Paulussen-Hoogeboom,M.,Stams,G.,Hermanns,J.,Peetsma,T.,van den Wittenboer,G..(2008). Parenting Style as a Mediator Between Childrens Negative Emotionality and Problematic Behavior in Early Childhood.The Journal of Genetic Psychology,169(3),209-26. Retrieved February 23, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID:1548809441).