Guess who's coming for dinner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Guess who's coming for dinner - Essay Example This was a historic ruling since before this time interracial marriages were outlawed in sixteen States. Notably, the film also brings out the generational divide linking parents of the couple, both from different races. The interracial couple comprises Dr John Prentice, an African American doctor and Joanna Drayton, the daughter of two liberal parents- the father being a newspaper publisher and the mother a small art gallery owner. The couple met in Hawaii while Joanna was on holiday and John was attending a medical convention. Set in the home of the Draytons, the film unravels in this setting, as John is invited for dinner by Joanna, and later his parents show up. Considering themselves liberal, the Draytons are plagued with the predicament of approving their daughter’s marriage to a black man when John informs them he would cancel the engagement if they do not approve it. Parents from both sides acknowledge the stigma that would come upon their children if they choose to ma rry; however, when John’s parents arrive, a Joanna’s and John’s mother come to an understanding and approves the marriage. In this instance, the fathers are still adamant on the impracticality of such a union. The film reaches its climax when Matt Drayton, Joanna’s father, announces his approval since love surpasses all. The film takes a dramatic turn when Matilda Banks, fondly known as Tillie opposes greatly the marriage of Joanna and John. Tillie has been the house-help of the Draytons for over 20 years, having raised Joanna and therefore feels inclined to express her fear over her marriage to a black man despite the fact that she is black too. Throughout the film, fear and prejudice are the two things that ail society, including even the most liberal of people- the Draytons. This is because they are afraid the world will shun their daughter for her choice of marriage partner. Moreover, Tillie is prejudiced towards white people as she feels they say one thing out in the open but act in a different manner when they are in closed quarters. Furthermore, she understands the stereotype of black people’s inferiority by stating that John was getting ahead of himself by not only being a brilliant doctor, but also falling in love with a white woman. However, John defends his father his decision to marry Joanna, amid all the prejudices, he states that his father had to transport mail for such long distances in order to support him, as it is his responsibility as the person that brought him to earth. John declares that if he were to get a son, he would have the same responsibility. This depiction implies that a parent’s role lies fundamentally in upbringing and support; however, it does not afford the parent the right to dictate the child’s decisions. This is why John unwaveringly states he owes his father nothing and his decision will not be faltered. This is hypocritical as he is willing to cancel the engagement if Joa nna’s father disapproves but he will not do the same if his father disapproves. Stanley Kramer, the producer of the film, received accolade for the film as it addressed a vital topic in society relating to the segregation between blacks and whites that had long persisted in America. The film was a revolutionary as it confronted racism from a societal point of view this is because

Hardware Replacement Project Essay Example for Free

Hardware Replacement Project Essay Assignment: 1 Hardware Replacement Project: Hardware Replacement Project: Your Name Instructors Name Date Assignment: 2 The IT- department in implementing a new CRM solution to its corporate offices. The hardware currently in use is out of date and will not support the CRM application. The hardware must replace prior to deployment. How do the five major variables of project management-scope, time, cost, quality, and risk – relate to this scenario? Scope: Defines what work is or is not included in a project. For example, the scope of a Project for a new order processing system might include new modules for inputting orders And transmitting them to production and accounting but not any changes to related accounts Receivable, manufacturing, distribution, or inventory control systems. Project management Defines all the work required to complete a project successfully, and should ensure that the Scopes of a project not expand beyond what was originally intended. Time: Time is the amount of time required to complete the project. Project management Typically establishes the amount of time required to complete major components of a Project. Each of these components is further broken down into activities and tasks. Project Management tries to determine the time required to complete each task and establish a Schedule for completing the work. Cost: Is based on the time to complete a project multiplied by the daily cost of human Resources required completing the project. Information systems project costs also include The cost of hardware, software, and work space. Project management develops a budget for The project and monitors ongoing project expenses. Risk: Refers to potential problems that would threaten the success of a project. These Potential problems might prevent a project from achieving its objectives by increasing time And cost, lowering the quality of project outputs, or preventing the project from being Completed altogether. We discuss the most important risk factors for information systems Projects later in this section. Assignment: 3 What consideration must be applied when selecting projects that deliver the best business value? A project is a planned series of related activities for achieving a specific business objective. Information systems projects include the development of new information systems, Enhancing existing systems, or projects for replacing or upgrading the firm’s information Technology (IT) infrastructure. Project management refers to the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to achieve specific targets within specified budget and time constraints. Project management activities include planning the work, assessing risk, estimating resources required to Accomplish the work, organizing the work, acquiring human and material resources, assigning Tasks, directing activities, controlling project execution, reporting progress, and analyzing the Results. As in other areas of business, project management for information systems must deal With five major variables: scope, time, cost, quality, and risk. What factors that influence project risk? Results of not meeting or achieving the goal the company needs. Some systems development projects are more likely to run into problems or to suffer delays Because they carry a much higher level of risk than others. The level of project risk is Influenced by project size, project structure, and the level of technical expertise of the Information systems staff and project team. The larger the project—as indicated by the What strategies would you recommend for minimizing the projects risks? In a parallel strategy, both the old system and its potential replacement are run Together for a time until everyone is assured that the new one functions correctly. The old System remains available as a backup in case of problems. And the direct cutover strategy Replaces the old system entirely with the new system on an appointed day, carrying the Risk that there is no system to fall back on if problems arise. Minimizing the projects risks would be difficult for me I would really have to hire someone that would be more of a High Tech IT- to be sure that all the risks that may come with adding new software systems would be easy to manage for a lower tech that may be in house of the company, in my opinion when you change the entire systems to be updated there has to be a happy medium. In order to keep all systems functioning the way they need to. Data for any company is very important in keeping it safe from and harm during the new change processing as well. The strategies I would consider would be to make sure that every data within the company had a storage space to keep it in to avoid the risks of losing it, I would also make sure that we would start with a small portion of the updating to make sure that this new operating system would work for the company as well. There are many OS available to bigger company’s and provide very good updates for the company’s new systems that can and do run excellent without having a lot of risk or problems, but it was tested before actually putting in to action and use. This gave the company a better view and was able to train the employees that were going to need to know, fix, and keep the main performance and upkeep of them. Any organization can add a new OS’s, but the key is learning to the best of your ability to make sure that it will keep the company functioning to its best and completing the goals and requirements it needs to keep them in business as well. Also if you keep your organization with the right level of systems updating then you can be sure that you don’t need to hire a High tech IT service to have the up keep kept up and you are more likely to be able to train your existing IT, this will also save costs because you will not need to constantly call the high tech when you encounter a small problem. Keeping the operating system to the level of the project and the risk would most likely be less than having a system that would be overboard to what each company needs.

Parenting Styles in early childhood

Parenting Styles in early childhood Parenting Style as a Mediator between Childrens Negative Emotionality and Problematic Behavior in Early Childhood Abstract Parenting style is of particular interest in the negative emotional development leading to difficult behavior in children. This paper evaluates research focused on the impact parenting has on childrens negative behavior. The objective was to determine the affects of authoritative and authoritarian parenting as it relates to negative behavior in children. Comparisons will be made to several studies showing similar results. The objective, procedures and results will be evaluated to determine the strength of the research conducted and the validity of the study. Even with limitations, the research does in fact support that authoritative parenting which is firm but loving is more effective at helping children not act out than is authoritarian parenting, which emphasizes compliance and conformity. Introduction Anyone who has ever spent time with preschool children knows that the lives of such young people are marked both by negative emotions and by acting out (often described as temper tantrums). Both are typical and age appropriate. However, also age appropriate to the preschool cohort is the need to begin to learn how to regulate their behavior. While young children have some ability to be self-regulating (as opposed to infants), they lack the cognitive and emotional skills to be able to do so on their own in any consistent matter. Thus one of the tasks of parenting preschool-aged children is to help them learn to separate negative emotions from negative actions. Key to this process is teaching children that negative emotions are perfectly acceptable. The parenting style that is best geared to teaching both aspects of this that negative emotions are natural but that negative acting out is not acceptable is the authoritative parenting style. In contrast, an authoritarian parenting style can be fundamentally harmful to the process of teaching young children to honor but contain their negative emotions such as anger, fear, and dislike. Authoritarian parenting is marked by the parents having very high expectations of compliance to the rules that they put into place and a high level of conformity to the parents beliefs. Authoritarian parents tend to give commands rather than explanations. Authoritative parents also set standards and hold expectations for their children but also allow an appropriate amount of independence on the part of the child and allows for questioning and discussion. Statement of the problem The problem explored in by the research focused on here is how may parents help young children learn how to separate their negative emotions (especially anger and frustration, both very common and entirely acceptable emotions at this stage of life). Parents may often find themselves both angry and frustrated at the child who turns around and bites a friend on the playground or who collapses onto the grocery store floor when denied an especially sugary treat and respond in much the same way as their children yelling back and losing their own tempers. This is hardly an effective response. The most effective response, according to the research examined here, is for parents to help their children understand their emotions, put words to those emotions, and to find appropriate ways to act out their emotions perhaps by tearing paper into small pieces, building up towers of blocks and knocking them over, etc. Parents who help their children separate negative emotions from negative actions are authoritative, allowing children to ask questions and receive honest answers. Parents who insist on compliance and conformity tend to exacerbate their childrens negative behavior. The hypothesis that this paper examines is the following: An authoritative parenting style helps reduce negative behaviors in preschool children that are associated with negative emotions. Literature Review The research summarized here fully supports the idea that parents using an authoritative style are more successful at helping their children reduce their negative behaviors than are parents using an authoritarian style. Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008) found that while young children will act out in negative ways at times regardless of parenting style (this is only to be expected at this developmental stage), authoritative parenting helped reduced this behavior. In other words, that the relations between child negative emotionality and internalizing and externalizing behaviors were partially mediated by mothers authoritative parenting style (p. 209). Moreover, when the authors used confirmatory factor analysis to decontaminate possible overlap in item content between measures assessing temperament and problematic behavior, the association between negative emotionality and internalizing behavior was fully mediated by authoritative parenting. (p.209) The researchers used the following definition for authoritative parenting: Authoritative parenting is characterized by a combination of high warmth, firm but fair control, and the use of explanations and reasoning (p. 212). They observed 98 male and 98 female children from two and a half to four years in Dutch daycare centers. They assessed the parents style of interaction with their children and determined how effective authoritarian and authoritative parents were in terms of helping their children disconnect negative emotions from negative externalization. They found that there was a statistically positive correlation between authoritative parenting and childrens ability to disconnect negative feelings from negative actions. The study attempts to provide insight by measuring maternal perception of their children as it relates to their problematic behaviors both internal and external. In an effort to fill in gaps that exist in previous research studies, the focus was on 3 year old toddlers. In collaboration with child health centers in Holland, 196 preschool children and their mother were randomly selected through a letter distributed to 750 families from the health center. The researchers set out to find direct associations on negative emotions and higher levels of negative emotionality based on authoritarian parenting compared to authoritative parenting. The study intended to indirectly relate problematic behavior to the type of parenting style. Lastly, they wanted to show the association between decreased levels of SES in relation to the level of authoritative parenting and the internalizing and externalizing behaviors. (Figure 1, 2008) Findings Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008) present us with a number of key findings that have such pervasive implications for parenting. All toddlers engage in behaviors such as biting, hitting, screaming, or otherwise acting out. Such behaviors arise as a result of negative emotions. Parents often find these behaviors hard to deal with along with other children and other caregivers. The response by others in the childrens world may be highly negative itself and may thus provoke additional negative feelings, which in turn provoke additional negative behaviors. This is a cycle that is bad for all concerned. Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008) further validated the finding of others that an authoritarian parenting style is aimed at getting children to stop these negative behaviors by commanding them to follow parental orders. However, they also found, such a parenting style ignores the underlying emotions and so is ineffective in preventing the negative behaviors involved. Authoritative parents talk with their children about these emotions, help them understand that such emotions are natural and appropriate, and that there are better ways to express these feelings that will not be seen as negative by others. It is this key part acknowledging emotions while helping children disconnect emotions from actions that makes authoritative parenting effective in reducing negative actions. In other words, parents and young children can work together (with the far greater amount of work being done by the parents, of course) to create a positive feedback system in which children learn to value their emotions while moderating their behavior. The next important finding by Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008) was that whatever elements of personality or temperament are innate, any inborn tendency to act out negatively is far less important than parenting style in terms of the behavior of children. IN other words, Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008) found that authoritative parenting can overcome innate tendencies in children to act out. This is a very important finding for parents and other caregivers. In this longitudinal study, research showed that while young children will act out in negative ways at times regardless of parenting style authoritative parenting helped reduced this behavior. (Paulessen-Hoogeboom, et al, 2008) Using correlation and covariance showed in preliminary analysis there was no significant differences in the mean scores based on gender or birth-order variables. Using a variety of statistical analysis tools including chi-square, AGFI to measure the amount of variance and covariance the results indicated a good fit. The adjusted model, which omitted certain paths, resulted in removing the authoritarian parenting from the model. This revealed a negative association between emotionality and maternal authoritative parenting. (Figure 2, 2008) Discussion The study sets out to determine possible cause and link to childrens negativity emotionality and problematic behavior through a sample drawn from the general population. There was evidence that a childs negative emotions and problematic behavior is related to parenting and is mediated by authoritative parenting from the maternal parent. This research is echoed by others and in fact substantiates the body of research in this area. Similar findings were reported by Kochanska, Murray, Coy (1997) found that mothers who scored high on sensitivity measures and responded quickly to requests made by their toddlers (that is, mothers who used an authoritative parenting style) were effective in limiting negative behavior on the part of their children. Both sensitivity and speed in responding to requests were made in response to childrens expressing negative emotions in words: The maternal response emphasized and supported the childrens use of verbal expression rather than physical acting out when the child felt negative emotions. In this longitudinal study, one year after the researchers initially observed the toddlers, they found that the children rated higher on cooperativeness and prosocial behavior than did children who had parents with a less responsive style. Kochanska, Murray, Coy (1997) found that both outgoing and shy toddlers benefited from a responsive but firm parenting style. This finding is important because it suggests that parenting style can at least in some measure trump temperament or personality, or Different socialization experiences can predict the same developmental outcomes for children with different predispositions, and a given socialization experience can predict divergent developmental for different children. Another study that that the groundwork for the work by Paulessen-Hoogeboom etal was Clark Ladd (2000). In observing kindergarten-aged children and their mothers, they assessed the level of mutual warmth, happiness, reciprocity, and engagement. (They used these terms to operationalize the concept of authoritative parenting.) They found that children and mothers who scored high on all of these measures (and who thus met the requirements for an authoritative family) scored much higher on positive behavior regardless of internal emotional state. Both teachers and peers described these children as being more empathetic, more socially accepting and acceptable, as having more friends, and as having more harmonious relationships with both other children and adults. The body of research in this area was confirmed and consolidated by Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008). All three of these studies find clear, significantly statistical results between an authoritative parenting style and the ability of young children to contain negative emotions in an appropriate way. Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008) summarized their findings: The finding that an authoritative parenting style mediates the relations between negative emotionality and problematic behaviors underscores the importance of providing effective parenting support to parents who have difficulties in dealing with their young childs negative emotionality on a daily basis. When parents can be trained and encouraged to react to their childrens negative emotionality in an adaptive way, parent-child interactions may become more enjoyable, thereby reducing the occurrence of problematic behaviors and preventing more serious behavioral problems later in life (Campbell, 1995; Patterson, 1982). We note that even in general population samples, a substantial percentage of children (up to 10%) may develop internalizing- and externalizing-behavior problems in the clinical range. (p. 226) In any research, you must consider any limitations that may affect the results of the study. In this study, there were several limitations to be noted. The correlation design set limits on the causal interpretation, some findings may be accounted for based on genetics, there was a not a diversity in socioeconomic backgrounds and the study only focused on one parent. The findings also revealed a significant association between increased negative emotionality associated with less supportive parenting and was more prevalent in lower socioeconomic backgrounds. (Paulussen-Hoogeboom, Stams, Hermanns, Peetsma, 2007). Conclusion The findings of Paulessen-Hoogeboom et al (2008) reveal that young children can be helped by authoritative parenting to disengage negative emotions from negative behavior. This is a lesson that has immense value for the entire lifespan. Through authoritative parenting, mothers were able to help them understand that such emotions are natural and appropriate, and that there are better ways to express these feelings that will not be seen as negative by others. These findings are consistent with other studies that have been done. The study is not without limitation but still successfully supports the hypothesis presented. References Grazyna Kochanska,Kathleen Murray,Katherine C Coy.(1997). Inhibitory control as a contributor to conscience in childhood: From toddler to early school age.Child Development,68(2),263-277. Retrieved February 23, 2010, from Career and Technical Education. (Document ID:12543990). Karen E Clark,Gary W Ladd.(2000). Connectedness and autonomy support in parent-child relationships: Links to childrens socioemotional orientation and peer relationships.Developmental Psychology,36(4),485-498. Retrieved February 23, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID:56531644). Marja C Paulussen-Hoogeboom,Geert Jan J M Stams,Jo M A Hermanns,Thea T D Peetsma.(2007). Child Negative Emotionality and Parenting From Infancy to Preschool: A Meta-Analytic Review.Developmental Psychology,43(2),438. Retrieved February 23, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID:1249797641). Paulussen-Hoogeboom,M.,Stams,G.,Hermanns,J.,Peetsma,T.,van den Wittenboer,G..(2008). Parenting Style as a Mediator Between Childrens Negative Emotionality and Problematic Behavior in Early Childhood.The Journal of Genetic Psychology,169(3),209-26. Retrieved February 23, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID:1548809441).

Psychological Conflicts In Literature(1) :: essays research papers

We all experience psychological conflicts, knowingly or unknowingly. They involve psychological conflicts among our thoughts, emotions, and rational thinking. It may be the most dangerous conflict of all due to the battleground in which it take place in -- our mind. There are many examples of psychological conflicts in the stories we have read. In "Leiningen Versus the Ants" by Carl Stephenson, Leiningen battled not only on his South American plantation, but in his mind. He struggled with the issue of running away and letting the ants take over his plantation. He wasn't a quitter and enjoys the mental aspects of things. But when the ants and the reality of death came, he had to resolve the conflict whether to stay or flee. This was especially true when he ran to the dam wheel. He could of fled then or died, but he chose to try to save the plantation and workers. He was faced with the conflict living or, perhaps the greatest psychological conflict, which he resolved when he chose to run to the wheel. In "The Contents of the Dead Man's Pockets" by Jack Finney, Tom also faced a psychological conflict. The story was mainly focused on his physical conflict, but near the end he experienced psychological conflict. As with Leiningen, Tom faced the choice to die or to live, and he realized with that conflict how much his wife meant to him. He overcame the conflict when, as we read, the yellow paper flew out the window again, but he left to be with his wife. In "Blues Ain't No Mockin'bird" by Toni Cade Bambara, Granny experienced a psychological conflict with her past treatment and her current conflict with Smiley and Camera. She struggled to break and maybe actually kill them or fall into depression, but she was successful in winning the conflict.

Hannin

Governmental and Nonprofit Accounting Nicole Tanner March 2, 2012 1-2. Five environmental differences between governments and for-profit business enterprises. 1. Organizational purposes – Commercial is to generate profit for its owners and government is for the well being of citizens. 2. Sources of Revenue – Business generate its income from sales. Government derives its income from taxes. 3. Potential for Longevity – Government rarely go out of business and Business longevity is determine by the need and success. 4.Relationship with Stakeholders – The government must show accountability for public funds and a business can use its resources as it deems appropriate. 5. Role of the Budget – Commercial it’s used for planning and control purposes, for government budgets carry the authority of law, preventing 1-3. Identify and briefly describe the three organizations that set standards for state and local governments, the federal government, and n ongovernmental not-for-profit organizations. 1. GASB set the accounting and financial reporting standards for state and local government in the US.GASB also set accounting and financial reporting standards for governmentally related not for profit organizations. 2. FASB set standards for profit seeking business and for nongovernmental not for profit organizations. 3. FASAB set the accounting and financial for the federal government. 1-4. What is the definition of a government as agreed upon by the FASB and GASB? Public corporations and bodies corporate and politic are governmental organizations. Other organizations are governmental organizations if they have one or more of the following characteristics. . Popular election of officers or appointment (or approval) of a controlling majority of the members of the organization’s governing body by officials of one or more state or local governments. 2. The potential for unilateral dissolution by a government with the net assets rev erting to a government. 3. The power to enact and enforce a tax levy. 1-5. Describe the â€Å"hierarchy of GAAP† for state and local governments, the federal government, and nongovernmental not-for-profit organizations. (See Illustration 1-2 come back to this) 1-8.GASB considers budgetary accounting and reporting to be important. List the principles outlined by GASB related to budgetary accounting and reporting. 1. An annual budget(s) should be adopted by every governmental unit. 2. The accounting system should provide the basis for appropriate budgetary control. 3. Comparisons should be included in the appropriate financial statements and schedules for governmental funds for which an annual budget has been adopted. 2-2. With regard to GASB rules for the financial reporting entity, answer the following: 1. Define the financial reporting entity.It is the primary government together with its component units. 2. Define and give an example of a primary government. Can be a state government, a general-purpose local government such as a city or county, or a special purpose government such as a school district. 3. Define and give an example of a component unit. Are legally separate organizations for which the elected officials of the primary government are financially accountable. 4. Define and describe the two methods of reporting the primary government and component units in the financial reporting entity. a.Primary Government -either appoints a voting majority of the governing body of the other organization or members of the primary government's governing body hold a majority of the seats of the other organization's board. Second, the relationship meets one of the following two criteria: a. The other organization provides either a financial burden or benefit to the primary government. b. The primary government can impose its will on the other organization. b. Component units – are legally separate organizations for which the elected officials of the primary government are financially accountable.In addition, a component unit can be an organization for which the nature and significance of its relationship with a primary government are such that exclusion would cause the reporting entity's financial statements to be misleading or incomplete. 2-3. With regard to the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR): 1. What are the three major sections? Introductory, Financial, and Statistical. 2. List the government-wide statements. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the government-wide statements. Basic Financial Statements Proprietary Funds Statements: Statement of Cash Flows.Governments use the accrual basis and the modified accrual basis of accounting. 3. List the governmental fund statements. i. General fund. This fund is used to account for general operations and activities not requiring the use of other funds. ii. Special revenue funds are required to account for the use of revenue earmarked by law for a particular purpose. State and federal fuel tax revenues require special revenue funds, because federal and state laws restrict these taxes to transportation uses. iii. Capital projects funds are used to account for the construction or acquisition of fixed assets[9], such as buildings, equipment and roads.Depending on its use, a fixed asset may instead be financed by a special revenue fund or a proprietary fund. iv. Debt service funds are used to account for money that will be used to pay the interest and principal of long-term debts. Bonds used by a government to finance major construction projects, to be paid by tax levies over a period of years, require a debt service fund to account for their repayment. v. Special assessment funds account for public infrastructure improvements financed by special levies against property holders. Sidewalk and alley repairs often rely on special assessments. 4.Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the governmental fu nd statements. It usually rely on a modified accrual basis. 5. List the proprietary fund statements. vi. Internal service funds are used for operations serving other funds or departments within a government on a cost-reimbursement basis. A printing shop, which takes orders for booklets and forms from other offices and is reimbursed for the cost of each order, would be a suitable application for an internal service fund. vii. Enterprise funds are used for services provided to the public on a user charge basis, similar to the operation of a commercial enterprise.Water and sewage utilities are common examples of government enterprises. 5. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the proprietary fund statements. i. Proprietary funds, used for business-like activities, usually operate on an accrual basis. Governmental accountants sometimes refer to the accrual basis as â€Å"full accrual† to distinguish it from modified accrual basis accounting. 6. List the fiduciary fund statements. Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Assets and Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Assets. 7.Describe the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the fiduciary fund statements. The accounting basis applied to fiduciary funds depends upon the needs of a specific fund. If the trust involves a business-like operation, accrual basis accounting would be appropriate to show the fund's profitability. Accrual basis is also appropriate for trust funds using interest and dividends from invested principle amounts to pay for supported programs, because the profitability of those investments would be important. 8. Outline the reports and schedules to be reported as required supplementary information.Come Back To 2-4. Describe the test for determining whether a governmental fund is a major fund. The General Fund is always considered a major fund. Other governmental funds are considered major when both of the following conditions exist: (a) total assets, l iabilities, revenues, or expenditures of that individual governmental fund constitute 10 percent of the total for the governmental funds category, and (b) total assets, liabilities, revenues, or expenditures of that individual governmental or enterprise fund are 5 percent of the total of the governmental and enterprise categories, combined. 2-10. Not sure

Medication administration by unlicensed staff Essays

Medication administration by unlicensed staff Essays Medication administration by unlicensed staff Paper Medication administration by unlicensed staff Paper Due to the increasing number of healthcare institution but insufficient number of medical staffs like registered nurses, non registered nurse s are now being hired by different healthcare institution to meet the need of their patients in providing medical services (Zimmermann, 2000). We all now that almost profession today must first take their board exam to determine whether a person given a specific profession is ready to perform his task depending on his chosen career. An aspiring civil engineers must take and pass the engineering board exams before they will design and construct buildings and other infrastructures. A graduate of law must pass first his bar examination before going to a court and defend his client. A doctor aspirant must first pass the doctoral examination before e or she can be call a doctor. Almost all profession needs examination because it tells whether that person is capable of doing its profession. Professional Board exam serves as an ethical and professional standard and it does standardize the procedure on qualifying all aspiring graduate students on their profession. Like what is discussed in the above paragraph, board exam is very important because many companies and industries are looking for passed board and bar examinees before they will hire them. But like what is stated in the first paragraph, unregistered nurse are now being introduced in a healthcare institution to fill up the limited number of registered burse. In this paper, the advantages as well the disadvantages of employing and using unregistered nurses in administration of medication in a healthcare institution will be examined and discussed. The discussion will start on the advantages of using unregistered nurses on the said position. One of the most important reasons why many medical institution are now accepting unregistered nurses is because on the shortage of registered nurses to meet the increasing medical services. It is very evident that there is an increasing in population in the country and this means an increase also on people who wants to have medical services. One of the advantages of using unregistered nurses in a medication administration is that, these unregistered nurses can be allocated in different tasks like clerical and technical tasks. These nonprofessional tasks are part of the work of a registered nurse. Thus, if these nonprofessional tasks will be given the responsibility to other people who are the unregistered nurses, then the registered nurses and medical technicians will have the chance to focus their medical task which leads to less medical errors (Burruss, Ashworth, Arikian, 1993). A study was conducted to determine if there is a statistical difference on the medical error committed by registered nurses and the unregistered one. From the result, it showed that registered nurse commit more medical errors than with the unregistered nurse. The result was supported by the discussion on the difference in terms of medical task of a registered and an unregistered nurse. This is because, unregistered nurse focus only on one task while the registered nurse has multiple tasks. Thus, unregistered nurse is very important in a healthcare institution in helping the registered nurse take the burden in providing medical service (Burruss et al. , 1993). Given the advantages of using unregistered nurses on medication administration, there are also disadvantages. Medication administration is very sensitive task in a healthcare industry. This task sees to it that the patient is in good hand and that the medical service given to a patient must be efficient and effective. The nurse that takes in charge on the welfare of their patient must have sufficient practical experience in applying their knowledge and skills in medication administration. And this sensitive part can only be done by a registered nurse because these registered nurses undergo an effective preparation that is essential in their nursing training (Wright, 2005). Another reason why unregistered nurse are not allowed to work in a medication administration task is that, there are times that unsupervised medicines is needed by time (Zimmermann, 2000). When this time comes, unregistered has no basic knowledge in doing this task. Also, if accidents happen, they are not accountable on using unsupervised medicines (Wright, 2005). References: Burruss, R. A. , Ashworth, N. D. , Arikian, V. L. (1993). Medication administration by non-RN personnel: A safe and cost-effective response to the RN shortage. : The Health Care Supervisor. Wright, K. (2005). Unsupervised medication administration by nursing students [Electronic Version]. Retrieved November 16, 2007, from nursing-standard. co. uk/archives/ns/vol19-39/pdfs/v19n39p4954. pdf Zimmermann, P. G. (2000). The use of unlicensed assistive personnel: An update and skeptical look at a role that may present more problems than solutions [Electronic Version], 26. Retrieved November 16, 2007, from jenonline. org/article/PIIS0099176700581252/abstract

Nominalized Verbs

Nominalized Verbs Nominalized Verbs Nominalized Verbs By Maeve Maddox Nominalization is the process of producing a noun from another part of speech. This post is about nouns formed from verbs. Gerunds The least-disguised nominalized verb is the gerund: the present participle form of the verb used as a noun: Hiking can be arduous. Writing is not for sissies. Loitering is not permitted. Agent Nouns Many nouns that end in -or are derived from verbs; they denote the actor or agent of the verb from which they come: actor: one who acts inventor: one who invents sculptor: one who sculpts governor: one who governs translator: one who translates Note: The verbs in many -or agent nouns are not immediately recognizable because they correspond to Latin verbs, not English. For example, the rec- in rector is from the past participial stem of regere, â€Å"to rule.† In modern usage, a rector is a member of the Anglican clergy who has charge of a parish. Historically, a rector was a ruler or governor with temporal powers. The suffix -er also forms agent nouns: writer, worker, employer, dancer. The suffixes -or and -er can also refer to things that perform a particular function: tiller, typewriter, projector. Recipient Nouns The suffix -ee is used in legal terminology to indicate the passive party in a legal transaction: legatee: the person who is to receive a legacy payee: the person who has the right to be paid The -ee suffix is an adaptation of the à © of certain Anglo-Norman past participles. The suffix has crept from legalese into general use. Some -ee forms do not jar: employee: one who is employed evacuee: one who is evacuated parolee: one who is paroled Others, however, sound silly: tutee: one who is tutored awardee: one who is awarded something kidnapee: one who is kidnapped Other Nominalized Verbs Formed with Suffixes Other suffixes that transform verbs into nouns are: -tion, -sion, -ment, -ence, and -ance: information, from â€Å"to inform† investigation, from â€Å"to investigate† collision, from â€Å"to collide† agreement, from â€Å"to agree† refusal, from â€Å"to refuse† acceptance, from â€Å"to accept† conference, from â€Å"to confer† failure, from â€Å"to fail† Zero-change Nominalization Some verbs can be used as nouns without the addition of a suffix: Murder will out. Put this money to good use. Most people dislike change. Sometimes the verb and noun differ in pronunciation. For example, the noun progress is pronounced with the stress on the first syllable; the verb progress is pronounced with the stress on the second syllable. Use Nominalized Verbs with Care Several articles in the DWT archives refer to â€Å"smothered verbs,† referring to nominalized verbs that contribute to a stodgy style of writing. Overuse of nominalized verbs, especially those ending in -tion and -ment, contribute to a wordy, stodgy style. For example, The companies reached an agreement to build in the neighborhood. Voters had a negative reaction to the new law. There’s nothing grammatically wrong with these sentences, but they can be improved stylistically by rewriting them to eliminate the nominalization and simply use the verb from which it comes: The companies agreed to build in the neighborhood. Voters reacted negatively to the new law. The ability to form nouns from verbs by adding a suffix contributes to the marvelous flexibility of English, but–like all good things–it should be used in moderation. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of HumorDriver License vs. Driver’s LicenseNominalized Verbs

How Combinations and Permutations Differ

How Combinations and Permutations Differ Throughout mathematics and statistics, we need to know how to count. This is particularly true for some probability problems. Suppose we are given a total of n distinct objects and want to select r of them. This touches directly on an area of mathematics known as combinatorics, which is the study of counting. Two of the main ways to count these r objects from n elements are called permutations and combinations. These concepts are closely related to one another and easily confused. What is the difference between a combination and permutation? The key idea is that of order. A permutation pays attention to the order that we select our objects. The same set of objects, but taken in a different order will give us different permutations. With a combination, we still select r objects from a total of n, but the order is no longer considered. An Example of Permutations To distinguish between these ideas, we will consider the following example: how many permutations are there of two letters from the set {a,b,c}? Here we list all pairs of elements from the given set, all the while paying attention to the order. There are a total of six permutations. The list of all of these are: ab, ba, bc, cb, ac and ca. Note that as permutations ab and ba are different because in one case a was chosen first, and in the other a was chosen second. An Example of Combinations Now we will answer the following question: how many combinations are there of two letters from the set {a,b,c}? Since we are dealing with combinations, we no longer care about the order. We can solve this problem by looking back at the permutations and then eliminating those that include the same letters. As combinations, ab and ba are regarded as the same. Thus there are only three combinations: ab, ac and bc. Formulas For situations we encounter with larger sets it is too time-consuming to list out all of the possible permutations or combinations and count the end result. Fortunately, there are formulas that give us the number of permutations or combinations of n objects taken r at a time. In these formulas, we use the shorthand notation of n! called n factorial. The factorial simply says to multiply all positive whole numbers less than or equal to n together. So, for instance, 4! 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 24. By definition 0! 1. The number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time is given by the formula: P(n,r) n!/(n - r)! The number of combinations of n objects taken r at a time is given by the formula: C(n,r) n!/[r!(n - r)!] Formulas at Work To see the formulas at work, let’s look at the initial example. The number of permutations of a set of three objects taken two at a time is given by P(3,2) 3!/(3 - 2)! 6/1 6. This matches exactly what we obtained by listing all of the permutations. The number of combinations of a set of three objects taken two at a time is given by: C(3,2) 3!/[2!(3-2)!] 6/2 3. Again, this lines up exactly with what we saw before. The formulas definitely save time when we are asked to find the number of permutations of a larger set. For instance, how many permutations are there of a set of ten objects taken three at a time? It would take awhile to list all the permutations, but with the formulas, we see that there would be: P(10,3) 10!/(10-3)! 10!/7! 10 x 9 x 8 720 permutations. The Main Idea What is the difference between permutations and combinations? The bottom line is that in counting situations that involve an order, permutations should be used. If the order is not important, then combinations should be utilized.

Explain the history of voting rights. How were blacks discriminated Essay

Explain the history of voting rights. How were blacks discriminated against what where some of the methods used to obstruct them from voting - Essay Example The 14th Amendment saw citizenship being granted to American immigrants making them equal with others. The 15th Amendment gave only adult men, both black and white, the right to vote. However, women were still restricted from voting. The same year, 1869, when the 15th Amendment was made witnessed the emergence of Black Codes which were chiefly laws that were restrictive of the freedom of African Americans (Hayduk 77). The right to vote was one of the crucial freedoms that African Americans were deprived and understanding the history of the same is critical. With women still being restricted from voting, activists on the rights of women that were to be seen in the liberation of the sex were common in the late 1880s. The Seneca Falls Convention that was held in 1848 saw activists contest for the right of women to vote (Hayduk, 47). The 19th Amendment of 1920 was a promise that was meant to see the liberation of women and their eventual right to vote. The breakthrough was witnessed in 1965 with the enactment of the federal Voting Rights Act. Here, Dr. Martin Luther King and other activists aimed at registering voters and eliminate barriers that obstructed the same. Several methods were used by Whites to prevent African Americans from voting. Literacy tests were widely used to sieve African Americans as the same group of people could not access an education. African Americans failed these tests making them ineligible to vote (Hayduk 53). The use of poll taxes was also extremely effective as Black people were slaves and had no money to pay as fees. This saw many African Americans being left out of the poll as they were with no money. Locations of polls were only known to whites as blacks were kept in the dark regarding were to cast their votes. In most cases, these polling stations were manned by armed guards and were classified making it exceedingly difficult for African Americans to access the same. Black codes also emphasized

America 1945 1960 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

America 1945 1960 - Essay Example It was a time of victorious jubilation for everyone, except those who came back â€Å"home† to segregation and discrimination. The returning African American soldier returned home to find that his most dreaded unwanted guest â€Å"Jim Crow†, had not packed up and moved to other shores. With the non-extinguishing of Jim Crow, they were still mandated to separate facilities for travel, lodging, eating, and drinking, schooling, worship, housing, and in all other aspects of social and economic life .Moreover, though they had fought and many died, the armed forces was not anymore accommodating of the African American civil rights, as was society-at-large. African American veterans returning to the south after military service in World War II were often unwilling to be subjected to the humiliation and degradation of segregation and discrimination in the land which they served to shed their blood. Some white, especially in the south, felt that these veterans needed to be terro rized into submission, whether they were wore the nation’s uniform or not.

Fire & the Built Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Fire & the Built Environment - Essay Example It also seeks to create awareness to the public regarding the laws, regulations and various behavior modes found in the building and the environment around. The paper further helps in enhancing the knowledge as well as necessary skills of the researcher in solving problems, analysis of data and information, working as a team and establishing independent working mind. Since time immemorial, fire has been causing several accidents though fire explosions. Sometimes, they are quite horrible as well as devastating. Fire accidents have been causing a lot of damage to property as well as several loses of peoples lives. In several incidences, fire accidents have been leading to loss of millions assets and even affect the countries economy. In spite of the dangers posed by fire accidents, fire has been so crucial to human being life and hence can not be avoided. Fire is essential in cooking, domestic uses and even for leisure. Most fire accidents occur as a result of human carelessness as well as natural disasters. Although most of the fire accidents starts as small mistakes by different people, the fire spreads out quickly as a result of lack of the most appropriate preventive measures which can be employed in containing the situation(Fire Precautions, 2008). There is therefore the need to educate as well as find the best approaches of dealing with fire. There is also the need of use of the best measures to avoid much damage in case the fire occurs. Ignorance to understand these measures as well as the necessary experience, as witnessed in several cases that fire have happened and caused damages, are the major concern which the fire prevention departments need to explore further. The safety measures and precautions needed in buildings and their environment are usually referred to as fire safety. They are employed to help prevent or if possible reduce the potential damage that

Modern sheet-metal forming processes used in the automotive industry Essay

Modern sheet-metal forming processes used in the automotive industry - Essay Example Parts that are made using sheet metal have numerous attractive qualities, which include excellent accuracy of dimension, adequate strength, light weight, and a wide range of possible dimensions ranging from miniature parts in electronics to the large parts of airplane structures. All sheet-metal forming processes can be divided into two major groups: cutting processes that include shearing, blanking, notching, piercing, and so on; and plastic deformation processes, which include bending, stretch formation, deep drawing, and other various forming processes. The cutting group of processes involves cutting the material by subjecting it to sheer stresses between punch and die or between the blades of a shear. The punch and die may be any shape, and the cutting contour may be open and closed. Parting: this consists of cutting the piece into several pieces or removing pieces of scrap of various shapes from deep drawn pieces. The operation of parting results in production of some scrap, unlike cutoff. Bending; this consists of straining flat sheets or strips of metal uniformly around a linear axis. Metal on the outside of the bend is stressed in tension beyond the elastic limit. Metal on the inside of the bend is compressed. Bending is a process by which metal can be molded into any shape through plastically deforming the material. It usually refers to deformation about one axis, and the material is stressed above its yield strength but below it’s ultimate tensile strength. The surface area of the material is not altered much. It is a flexile process by which a wide variety of shapes can be produced using standard die sets. The material is placed on the die, then positioned in place using stops and gages, and held in place with hold-downs. The upper part of the press, which is the ram with the desired shaped punch descends and forms a v-shaped bend

Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Project - Assignment Example He has emphasized on the some of the most important areas of human development which include health and education. According to Kanna (2011), Al-Maktoum has invested heavily on education as well on the development of knowledge within the region of UAE by grooming potential leaders within the private as well as public sectors of UAE and also by promoting other crucial areas such as research and development, business leadership, youth empowerment, cultural development, preservation of traditional heritage and also promoting various platforms for the economy. Under his leadership, UAE has become an economic powerhouse (Davis). The leadership approach by Al-Maktoum has been transformational. Literally speaking, transformational leadership is a leadership style which is able to implicit certain positive changes within the people who follow the leader (Bass). Transformational leaders like Al-Maktoum are energetic, passionate as well as highly enthusiastic. The government of Al-Maktoum has not only transformed the fate of UAE but has made UAE as one of the most dominant countries in the world (Davidson). An insight on the leadership strategy of Al-Maktoum can be further elaborated: Self-awareness: Al-Maktoum’s government has consistently got in touch with the citizens of UAE and has asked people for feedback and suggestions for improvements and has also listened to what is needed for improvement. Eliminating self interest: The leadership approach of Al-Maktoum goes beyond portraying any level of self interest or selfishness and is an approach which has a mass effect. His strategy has balanced any potential conflict of interest which may arise between the citizens. According to Al-Al (2008), by implementing an adequate level of trust as well as by generating the enthusiastic support from his subordinates, leaders have the adequate ability in improving individual as well as team performance. Due to this reason, this of approach of

Discussion Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Discussion Question - Essay Example There are cases where the providers do not expect profit in the provision of their services. This is a hindrance that occurs as they try to offer the best healthcare. Many may be underpaid which usually leads to stress on their part. While taking care of others, this stress is directed to them. Social good is an obligation they meet while doing their job (Kongstvedt 67). It is imperative that they do their job with the aim of keeping the society together and in excellent health. Another way they meet their obligations is caring for the low income earners. These organizations cannot go broke when they do this and; therefore, one way to serve and protect the people is through accepting everybody that is in need of help. This is whether they have insurance to offset their expenses. One way these obligations conflict with some of their needs is time consumption. Time taken into taking care of those in need is extremely exhausting. They spend more time at their jobs than they would with their own family, and relatives. Another conflict created is the emotional turmoil they undergo. It may be hard to see many people come and go in the institution one works. This may be hard for them especially when they come to form extraordinary bonds (Kongstvedt 78). In conclusion, obligations by care givers are often met. What they go through must also be taken into account. This is to know what it is they go through in the day to day activities (Kongstvedt 90). Understanding them may be a starting point in the way people treat

Modern sheet-metal forming processes used in the automotive industry Essay

Modern sheet-metal forming processes used in the automotive industry - Essay Example Parts that are made using sheet metal have numerous attractive qualities, which include excellent accuracy of dimension, adequate strength, light weight, and a wide range of possible dimensions ranging from miniature parts in electronics to the large parts of airplane structures. All sheet-metal forming processes can be divided into two major groups: cutting processes that include shearing, blanking, notching, piercing, and so on; and plastic deformation processes, which include bending, stretch formation, deep drawing, and other various forming processes. The cutting group of processes involves cutting the material by subjecting it to sheer stresses between punch and die or between the blades of a shear. The punch and die may be any shape, and the cutting contour may be open and closed. Parting: this consists of cutting the piece into several pieces or removing pieces of scrap of various shapes from deep drawn pieces. The operation of parting results in production of some scrap, unlike cutoff. Bending; this consists of straining flat sheets or strips of metal uniformly around a linear axis. Metal on the outside of the bend is stressed in tension beyond the elastic limit. Metal on the inside of the bend is compressed. Bending is a process by which metal can be molded into any shape through plastically deforming the material. It usually refers to deformation about one axis, and the material is stressed above its yield strength but below it’s ultimate tensile strength. The surface area of the material is not altered much. It is a flexile process by which a wide variety of shapes can be produced using standard die sets. The material is placed on the die, then positioned in place using stops and gages, and held in place with hold-downs. The upper part of the press, which is the ram with the desired shaped punch descends and forms a v-shaped bend

Discussion Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Discussion Question - Essay Example There are cases where the providers do not expect profit in the provision of their services. This is a hindrance that occurs as they try to offer the best healthcare. Many may be underpaid which usually leads to stress on their part. While taking care of others, this stress is directed to them. Social good is an obligation they meet while doing their job (Kongstvedt 67). It is imperative that they do their job with the aim of keeping the society together and in excellent health. Another way they meet their obligations is caring for the low income earners. These organizations cannot go broke when they do this and; therefore, one way to serve and protect the people is through accepting everybody that is in need of help. This is whether they have insurance to offset their expenses. One way these obligations conflict with some of their needs is time consumption. Time taken into taking care of those in need is extremely exhausting. They spend more time at their jobs than they would with their own family, and relatives. Another conflict created is the emotional turmoil they undergo. It may be hard to see many people come and go in the institution one works. This may be hard for them especially when they come to form extraordinary bonds (Kongstvedt 78). In conclusion, obligations by care givers are often met. What they go through must also be taken into account. This is to know what it is they go through in the day to day activities (Kongstvedt 90). Understanding them may be a starting point in the way people treat

Regulating Violent Video Games Essay Example for Free

Regulating Violent Video Games Essay An African proverb says, It takes a village to raise a child. But in this society the child barely has a mother or father to truly depend on. When I was I child I was fortunate to have a family so close that if I did something wrong, it seemed like the whole world knew. This is what made me the human being I am today. My philosophy is somewhat like a doctor’s oath, â€Å"First do no harm†. With this idea I believe in karma what you send out will come back to you. â€Å"Hate begets hate; violence begets violence; toughness begets a greater toughness. We must meet the forces of hate with the power of love. (Martin Luther King, 1958) So whose place is it to deal with the problem of violence in video games? The problem is ours because we have the caused the demand for such games. And without the demand there would be no need for them. But since we do have them just as we have guns, the parents should take back control. Just as you don’t allow your children to listen to offensive rap music, or play with guns. The same way you don’t want your child to look at pornographic material we should censor the games our children play. Why is this, the parent’s problem? Well you did bring them into this world, and are therefore responsible for their well-being including their mental growth. When a child plays violent games, studies show that their brain is stimulated. But don’t books do the same thing. Being a parent means you live by example and even if you can’t do that you should make the right choice for you’re under age child. By allowing such games to be played, this tells the child that it accepted. Imagine a child that watches porn all day long and no one could possibly think that one day he will be a sexual deviant. Of course when asked why he turned out this way, he will say it was the porn. But what of the parents that let him watch said porn. Shouldn’t the parents be the ones to be held responsible? I guess once its reached that point that would be crying over spilt milk. So start now, while they are young and pliable. Teach that violence is not laughable in real life or a game. Our county was based and founded on the freedoms that have allowed our country to be great. The freedom to exist, to pursue happiness if we so choose. We have freedom of speech, expression and even non-expression taking our liberties one day at a time. So could playing video games and watching violent movies be a form of expression. And if it is considered a form of expression, I believe that the government should not have a part in the regulating of such things. Except to provide information of the dangers it could cause. Like smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol; don’t restrict me by taking my choice away but help me to better understand the consequences of my choices. If the government did more than just put ratings on video games, like banning them like banning â€Å"2 Live Crew†; it would cause an outrage from the country. People who don’t even play video games would wake up and find the error in such banning. This banning would be a form of taking away an Americans rights. Because after all even though we have a black president, we are not so far ahead of times to misunderstand the banning as a form of protection. But believe that we would somehow become a communist state over night. Somehow the liberties we take for granted would become the reason people would fight for the wrongness of such violent images. We should as a nation take responsibility for our actions and our children’s actions. If we did this there would be no need for the government to regulate our lives in such ways as banning the things that allow for self expression. And even though violence may or may not touch our lives sometimes daily there is no reason keep those that like the blood and guts from their idea a fun. If you not portraying the serial killer you are watching or playing there is no need for my concern or the government’s regulation on such matters. In conclusion, I am against violent video games but I understand the need for others to participate in such activities. I also understand that taking away such rights to play these games would cause chain reaction of government control of not only what is played but viewed and voiced. I believe if we are able to have full knowledge of the things we bring home, and then maybe we wouldn’t bring them home. But if we do then we are prepared for the consequences. In being prepared we teach our children not only what is right and wrong, teaching to them to be aware of what they are teaching themselves. If parents monitor what their children do, watch and play, maybe the question of regulating violent video games would not be a question. Because it should be the parents who regulate and teach the children what is real. By teaching the children what is meant for entertainment? To teach the children to never let the games they play become their reality.

PESTLE Analysis for Dialog Axiata

PESTLE Analysis for Dialog Axiata Dialog Telekom PLC (The Company) operates Sri Lankas largest and fastest growing telecommunication network Dialog GSM. Dialog Telekom is one of the largest companies listed under the Colombo Stock Exchange. It is a subsidiary of the Axiata Group Berhad. Due to Dialog the Sri Lankan mobile industry has achieved new heights and has come at par with the developed world. The telecom company operates 2G, 3G and 3.5G mobile services, supporting the current trends in mobile internet and multimedia services, as well as international roaming. Dialog Telekom accounts for more than 50% of Sri Lankan mobile phone subscribers. Along with the mobile telecommunication business Dialog Telekom operates a wide portfolio of international telecommunication services including retail and wholesale international voice and data services. Dialog Broadband Networks Pvt. Ltd. (DBN) is an owned subsidiary of the Company, and is an important player in Sri Lankas ICT infrastructure sector. DBN was also the first service provider in Sri Lanka to introduce high-speed broadband internet services based on Wi MAX technology. Dialog Television Pvt. Ltd. (Dialog TV) is another subsidiary of Dialog Telekom PLC. It operates Dialog Satellite TV, a Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite TV service. Dialog TV supports a wide range of international and local television channels. Regarding the structure of the company, Dialog Telekom Ltd. has got a Hybrid structure which is a combination of Matrix structure as well as Modular structure. As in each Strategic Business Unit (SBU) works independently and every function of each SBU has communication linkages with one another. Top down as well as bottom up communication is available and it uses worldwide resources and technologies. MICRO ANALYSIS THROUGH SWOT Analysis (S)trengths Dialog has the first mover advantage of GSM technology in Sri Lanka. Due to its strong infrastructure it has got one of the best and far reaching mobile telecommunication coverage. Relationship with a telecommunication tycoon in the same region; Telekom Malaysia Group. Extension in collaborations maintaining good relations with other Telecom companies has enabled Dialog to have a global approach with services such as and Satellite Coverage high roaming. Dialog Telekom has got a very aggressive marketing strategy which enables it to have a good and stable Brand Equity. Companys financial analysis proved excellent stability in financial statements regarding investments. Strong Public Relationship that has been built up over the years. Expanded CSR initiatives increased the social value of the firm. High quality technical innovations has made dialog market leader in Sri Lanka. Constant rise in the share prices has gained the confidence of the investors leading to value increment. Strong distribution network spread throughout the entire island.. Well managed customer care support techniques has increase the level of customer satisfaction. Wide variety of products. Management Team is efficient and hard-working. High level of corporate business knowledge retention through low employee turnover (W)eaknesses Though the investment on advertising and value addition through technical innovation is high, there is no clear aim and idea of a broader market Poor performance as on ISP. Compared to its competitors Dialog lags behind in innovations related to pricing strategies. The head office in Colombo is of a distributed nature due to non-expandability of the current location. The level of motivation of internal employees is decreasing. Due to the rapidly growing customer base the trends in Quality of Service are going down by the day. In the front-office employee turn-over is high. (O)pportunities Telecom is one of the fastest growing sectors in Sri Lankas 19.5million people As per estimations 4.5million users would have mobile phones by the end of 2006 The communication industry is growing rapidly. Fixed line penetration is low. The approval and acceptability of the Value Added Services (VAS) by the users has increased the probability and success of any new VAS initiative. The strategic partnership of Dialog Telekom with Vodafone UK. Dialog has got the potential to gain benefits of Value Chain Convergence. Technology advancements especially in mobile multimedia technologies and the advent and use of the next 3G mobile communications. (T)hreats Strongest Competitor of Dialog, the Mobile wing of fixed line telecom giant SLT is focused on cost-cutting strategy through its low cost pre-paid products in the market. Rapid changes in the political, social and economic conditions as well as the laws and regulations. Changes in currency exchange rates and high inflation which is inversely affecting the global business. Rapid change in customer preferences and their growing needs due to high level of customer awareness. Constant changes in technology. Dialog had to switch off all base station in northern-province during the last few months due to military operations by the Sri Lankan Govt. forces. Thus there is an uncertainty due to the growing counter terrorist campaigns. PESTEL Analysis (P)olitical Sri Lanka has very positive foreign investment policies. However though Sri Lanka identified importance of liberalization early as in 1977, due to political interventions bureaucratic attitudes inherited from colonial reign and poor governance, the country as a whole and specifically the industry has not grown as it was foreseen at the time of liberalization. During the past two decades, terrorist activities have remained constant as well. (E)conomical Unstable macro-economic environment and trade policy regime has a negative impact on the industry. The fall of the exchange rate over the years happened on a gradual pace. Since the inception of liberalization policy it has undergone massive reforms in this sector. However Sri Lanka lags dynamics incorporated by India to attract foreign direct investments. The attitude towards foreign direct investments needs to be improved. (S)ocio-Cultural Sri Lanka has better social conditions for example literacy rate is high, infant mortality rate is low and life expectancy is long. The country also has an educated and trainable work force. Nevertheless Sri Lankans inherit a bureaucratic attitude from the colonial administration that results in inefficiencies and discrimination. (T)echnological Sri Lanka depends on technology transfers from foreign direct investments. However TRCSL encourages local research and development. The country comparatively has not performed well enough to adapt technological changes on a timely manner. For example the shift from analogue to digital and the adoption of CDMA technology materialized in a slow pace. (E)cological (L)egal TRCSL the regulatory body takes up multidimensional roles. It ensures fair enforcement of Govt. policy, hold operators accountable for performance, address consumer issues, monitor changing industry needs and provide feedback to the policy making units. However TRCSL has been criticized over the years for information asymmetry, inefficiency and discrimination. Porters Five Forces 1. Threat of New Entrants Indias Bharti AIRTEL has got the fifth mobile operator license in Sri Lanka As per TRCSL, no more licenses would be awarded Thus it creates an entry barrier for all others to the market 2. Bargaining Power of Customers Consumer protection groups are almost non-existing As compared to the west, consumers are not that strong in their demands Quality standards and supports are comparatively not major concern if they exist at a basic level Low switching costs Customers are highly cost conscious 3. Threat from Substitutes Almost negligible Alternatives are fixed line and the more recent CDMA connectivity This is a much smaller market as compared to the huge total market 4. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Local and International suppliers for Dialog Depends on SLT, MTT and a few other VSAT operators to access the national backbone Thus these particular suppliers are extremely powerful Acquisition of MTT and the creation of the new subsidiary known as Dialog Broadband Network 5. Rivalry Among Competing Firms Very high competition with constant pricing wars Dialog certainly has an edge because of their Value Added Services and differentiation strategy and the huge customer base Value Added Services are becoming very popular among the consumers Strategic Groups Adopted by the Company Dialog strategies are visible in the companys corporate, business and functional levels. They have already diversified their business across many areas during the last few years. For instance, by acquiring MTT, Dialog managed to strengthen its transmission backbone. Also recent past it has acquired CBNSAT, a satellite TV transmission company, and DERANA TV Channel with a long term objective of a value chain convergence. In addition to reach the customer, Dialog has created many alliances with other business corporations. Cargills-Dialog alliance to allow Cargills customers to settle Dialog bills is just one such example. The business plan is formulated at the beginning of the year considering main objectives of the company. The progress of each project is monitored in a monthly basis through different strategic committee meetings. On the other hand, Dialog tries to introduce latest technologies into the market considering global mega trends through its comprehensive Research and Development wing. Among them, the Dialogs initiative to setup the Dialog Research Lab at the University of Moratuwa is of importance because it effectively enabled Dialog to provide tailor made solutions to the local market. Nokia phones with Sinhala language support and Tsunami warning system for mobiles are just to name a few such examples. These technology initiatives can be considered as a strategy used to capture the market by effectively staying ahead from the competition in the technology and innovation sphere. Structure The Companys business and operations are managed under the supervision of the Board of Directors comprising of 5 non-executive directors and 1 executive director. The Board has the power to appoint executive directors including the CEO. Divisional structure can be identified in company level but performances of the divisions are measured through different strategic committees. Systems Apart from the technical backbone, Dialog uses several systems to execute their business strategies successfully. For example- SAP ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) This was launched in 2006 January to integrate identified key process in the company. CCBS (Customer Care Billing System) Currently existing billing system is going to be migrated into a new system to provide more customer centric services. HRIS Used for Human Resource Management and all the day to day functions are carried out through this system. Style The management style always depends on targets and objectives. Strict deadlines are imposed while performance and progress are very closely monitored at all levels of the organizational structure. Rewards and benefit schemes are in line for the top performers and better achievements. All the employees will have a number of recreational opportunities such as trips, get-together, sports etc. to take some time off from busy work schedules. Staff The Company currently employs a workforce of 2500 who in turn are considered pivotal to the organizations growth and success. Annual manpower planning and recruitment is carried out in parallel with the business plan preparation. The capabilities required by potential employees are based on the requirements of the business plans applicable to respective departments of the company in any given year. Recruitment to the Company is governed by several policies. The core policy on filling vacancies spells out the Companys intention to attract the best with the aim of exploiting the individuals potential while providing career development opportunities irrespective of communal or gender differences. 7% of the total HR cost is devoted to training and development. The training needs for individuals and teams are identified from the competency requirements arising from the Companys business plan and employees annual performance review. Subordinate Goals All individuals with different backgrounds, different ethnics and nations are teamed up and driven towards a common set of goals and objectives at Dialog Telekom. The company has been successful in focusing the entire team towards a single vision by incorporating all individuals goals and personal objective together. Skills Dialog team consists of number of individuals with distinctive capabilities and competencies from top to bottom. Dialog is proud to have a very energetic and talented CEO in the caliber of Dr. Hans Wijesuriya. In addition to that Dialog is served by a team of top class individual in the Sri Lankan industry with lot of talent and exposures. Different Strategies Adopted by Dialog Telekom Corporate Strategy Considering the current performance, the key success factors and the SWOT analysis the directional strategy alternatives would be the following Growth strategy to expand the activities of Dialog Telekom further would be the first alternative. Since the current product lines have real growth potencial concentration of resources on those would be ideal. In concentration Dialog Telekom can follow the vertical growth strategy to take the benefit of the value chain convergence opportunity that is existing in Sri Lankan context. Stability strategy to continue with current activities without any changes to the direction would be the second alternative. Here Dialog Telekom can utilize pause/proceed with caution strategy to have only incremental improvements while the weaknesses stated are overcome. It can use this time to stabilize the organization due to the changes took place due to multiple strategies it adopted earlier such as acquisitions and investing on innovative developments, which will help to get back the loosing internal employee motivation. The first alternative will move Dialog Telekom further away from the competition and create a monopoly temporarily for converged industries of telecommunication, content, media and retail. However unfocused highspeed growth to capture the market without stabilizing the existing acquisitions can disassemble everything. The second alternative will give Dialog Telekom and its employees much needed breathing space. The recommendation would be to implement the second alternative initially to stabilize the organization without any other drastic change in the direction. And after some time they can adopt their long term beneficial value chain convergence option depicted in first alternative. Business Strategy The business strategy alternatives available for Dialog Telekom to improve the competitive position in the industries it operates would be The first alternative for the competitive strategy would be to improve on the current strategy of differentiation. It can improve this by having unique Value Added Services for each of its current strategic business units DBN, CBNSAT and Dialog Telekom itself. This can improve the customer loyalty and thereby can charge a reasonable premium rate than competitors. Second alternative which Dialog Telekom can try to implement is cost leadership to overcome the threat of lower rates provided by competitors, Mobitel. Since the VAS are less in Mobitel the switching from Dialog to Mobitel is not much in urban people who use these VASes. But people who are using purely as a voice/sms only are shifting as most of them are cost conscious and there is not much of a difference in coverage. Hence if Mobitel improves on its VASes it would become a serious threat at a stage at which only the rates would decide the attraction of that segment of the market. Typically the differentiation strategy is more likely to generate higher profits than low cost strategy. However differentiation strategy implementation may involve higher investment than low cost strategy. Competitive scope is an important factor when considering competitive strategies. The recommended alternative depends on the competitive scope in this situation. Considering both alternatives and the pros and cons of each most ideal would be to have culmination of both differing from the segment of the market. Dialog Telekom should have a focused differentiation strategy in the market where people are valuing the VASes and cost focus in the market where usage is purely for voice/SMS. Simultaneously Dialog Telekom should look at strategic alliances as a corporate strategy to gain competitive advantage by working with other organizations. Currently they have stated this with some banks and some supermarket chains as mentioned earlier. However this can be vastly improved to include alliances with insurance companies, stock brokers, popular food chains etc.

Motivation In The Workplace Essay -- Business Management

Motivation in the workplace is one of the major concerns that managers face when trying to encourage their employees to work harder and do what is expected of them on a day-to-day basis. According to Organizational Behavior by John R. Schermerhorn, James G. Hunt and Richard N. Osborn the definition of motivation is "the individual forces that account for the direction, level, and persistence of a person's effort expended at work." They go on to say that "motivation is a key concern in firms across the globe." Through the years there have been several theories as to what motivates employees to do their best at work. In order to better understand these theories we will apply them to a fictitious organization that has the following three types of employees: salespeople, production workers, and administrative staff. We will discuss which of these theories would or would not be most effective to motivate these employee groups and try to explain why. The motivation theories that will be discussed are: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, ERG (Aldefer), Two-Factor Theory (Herzberg), Equity Theory (Adams), and the Expectancy Theory (Vroom). Let's start with salespeople. Salespeople Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory says that there are five levels of individual needs from self-actualization and esteem at the top levels, to social, safety and physiological levels at the bottom. Maslow felt that some of these needs are more important than others and that the important ones must be satisfied before the rest of a person's needs can be satisfied. Since a salespersons basic responsibility is to sell merchandise this motivational theory would not be a good choice for an organization to use to motivate them. The reason for this is because s... ...nt from one culture to another and even from one individual to another. Clayton Alderfer's ERG theory emphasizes a unique frustration-regression component. This means a lower-level need can become activated when a higher-level need cannot be satisfied. This would not be a good motivation theory for administrative staff since their goal is to usually get ahead. Both the Equity and Expectancy theories focus on thought processes. The equity theory may or may not motivate administrative staff depending on how each individual perceives the fairness of their work outcomes relative to others. The Expectancy theory does not specify which rewards will motivate particular groups of workers. Individual motivation directly determines work effort, and the key to motivation is the ability to create a work setting that positively responds to individual needs and goals.

Porsche 911 Road Cars :: essays research papers

PORSCHE 911 ROAD CARS Porsche 911 Road Cars is about model 911 cars and the history of them. The book explains who invented Porsche, how they modeled them, how the price changed over the years, how they designed the engines, and all about the speeds and racing ability. The two most interesting things I have learned about in this book concern Porsche’s characteristics; for example, how the engine for the 901 Porsche was designed and where it was placed in the car. The engine instead of being placed in the front end like most cars is placed in the back end of the car to make it a rear drive instead of a front-end drive vehicle. It was designed this way for better speed performance. The other thing I thought was interesting was the modeling. When Butzi Porsche modeled Porsche, not only did he want speed, he wanted to have something original, fast looking, and small so he and an artist got together and found a great design. Butzi would tell the artist what he wanted the car to look like and the artist would create a model drawing. It took them seven months to get the right design and the car sold great! I would recommend this book to someone who is really interested in Porsche cars and how they run. This book tells you everything from the evolution of the first 911 in 1960 to one they hope to build for the next millenium. You can learn every characteristic about the engine and sometimes why. For example, if you wanted to know about the new 911’s motor, you could go to the chapter about that particular car and get the information you needed. If you wanted to know about modeling you could research it the same way. You are also able to get some general information about other Porsche cars listed in the back of the book. If the author could change two things about this book, he should include information and comparisons on all Porsche cars, not just 911 Porsches. It isn’t that interesting reading a whole book on one type of car, unless you are a collector or owner. The author should also have put in more information about Butzi Porsche. He is the grandson of the company’s founder and the one who designed the 901 Porsche.

Explain to the Board of Director

Explain to the board of director how he or she could use the talent management approach to improve his or her company's performance? A talented work force is an employer's most valuable asset. The talent, skills and contributions your employees bring to the workplace can make or break your organization. Company productivity and profitability depend almost solely on your work force. Therefore, retaining talent is extremely important to executive leadership and human resources departments. Activities related to talent retention are sometimes referred to as part of the talent management process.Some employers combine recruitment, selection and talent retention to achieve talent management goals:- 1 Identify your organization's most talented workers. Employees with exceptional work skills, aptitude, interpersonal skills and desire for success are generally referred to as the most talented; however, employees who lack one of these attributes or need improvement in another area should not be ruled out. Talented employees also demonstrate traits such as high motivation, initiative and discipline.They are the ones who seek additional responsibility and have performance appraisals to prove they are dedicated to helping your company achieve success. 2 Review the performance evaluations of your most talented employees. Determine their strengths and areas for improvement; use this information to draft the outline for a discussion about the employee's career aspirations. Don't be discouraged if your meeting with the employee reveals career aspirations in another field. Taking the time to discuss this topic sends the message that the employee is a valued contributor.One of the reasons employees often cite for leaving a company is that they feel the company overlooks their contributions or doesn't acknowledge their opinions. 3 Conduct a needs assessment to determine the training and development necessary to retain employees with the most promise. Include an assessment to dete rmine training for employees who demonstrate aptitude as well. Consider conducting focus groups with supervisors, managers and executive leadership to determine the best way to keep talented employees satisfied and challenged. Review the job descriptions, duties and responsibilities of employees whom you've identified as the most talented. Re-read performance evaluations for professional goals of these employees and compare them to their current duties. If they don't match very well, consider revising job duties or assigning more challenging work to keep them motivated. Talented employees who are dissatisfied with their current responsibilities look for opportunities elsewhere.You can prevent their departure by offering opportunities that further develop their skills and prepare them for future roles within the company through human resources strategy and succession planning. 5 Recognize your talented employees with letters of commendation, tokens of appreciation or coveted roles wi thin the organization. Employers can retain talent through very simple actions that demonstrate their appreciation for hard workers. Human resources best practices suggest recognition and, in some cases, employee rewards increase motivation and improve retention of talented employees.

A Study About Netherlands Architecture Essay

The civilization of Americans comes from a conglobation of many different civilizations that were either here or emigrated from other states. I have a big part of my lineage from Dutch heritage shacking the Netherlands. In researching how the Dutch people are I have found that a big part of the values that I have been taught are really Dutch ideals. These are values like humbleness, friendliness ( Although they are reserved publicly doing them sometimes seem unfriendly to foreigners. ) and understating being showy with wealth. They have a really high value on difficult being a difficult worker, and independent. Of the values that Dutch people are taught that have non been a focal point during my upbringing are honesty, and modestness. I was taught that it was acceptable to air your wealth and that it is sometimes necessary to be dishonest to acquire what you want. Dutch value promptness, privateness, and instruction which are all marks of a higher value of self-denial they posses. They sometimes come off as pushy because they have strong sentiments and will voice them. They will publically debate things they value as unfairnesss if they believe that the topic is of import plenty. I ‘m non certain why my Dutch ascendants left The Netherlands but research suggests that the ground most Dutch people left their place was because of the chances that were available in the United States. Often people left other states due to some kind of battle with the authorities or poorness, but the Dutch had a relatively good place in The Netherlands to some of the other states in Europe. Still? Most Dutch came to America merely because they calculated that the hereafter promised more prosperity for them and their kids in America than in Holland. The Dutch were of all time â€Å" household, religion, and farming † advocators. And the Dutch? as opposed to the Puritans? enjoyed the mercenary and animal amenitiess in life that their hard-earned money bought. I believe that if my ascendants left the Netherland due to some hardship, so my household would hold been able to state me about it. When thought of landmarks of the Netherlands the windmills the state is so celebrated for ever come to mind, but there are other landmarks excessively. Koninklijk Paleis ( Royal Palace ) another popular landmark was originally created to be used as a town hall in the mid seventeenth century. Koninklijk Paleis is now largely used as a tourer attractive force. European manners are popular in the Netherlands, and in maintaining with the high value of organisation the Dutch have normally wear neatly kept, fashionable vesture. The traditional wooden places are about ne'er worn any longer by anybody except husbandmans. Farmers wear them because they protect the wearer? s pess from wet and soil better than leather places do. Some of the more iconic features of the Netherlands geographics semen from the fact that? a big part of the land has been reclaimed from the sea. The Netherlands has a largely level geographics, and 27 per centum of it is below sea degree. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //geography.about.com/od/specificplacesofinterest/a/dykes.htm ) Of celebrated people from the Netherlands Vincent new wave Gogh is one of the most recognizable. Van Gogh is known internationally as a major subscriber to modern art. The Dutch pattern Agriculture in a figure of ways. Major Agricultural harvests include murphies, wheat, and maize. Potatos are grown in about all of the countries that have sufficient farmable land, and the husbandmans that grow murphies as a harvest usage big machines to make their agriculture. These machines include big tractors for ploughing the lands, monolithic reapers for when their harvests have grown and Shakerss to free the soil off the murphy harvests. Other engineering used to farm murphies includes the irrigation systems that H2O the harvests and manure spreaders to fertilise the land. The division of labour that is used on murphy farms is based on accomplishment. The proprietors of the farm, people who set up irrigation systems and big equipment operators are all skilled workers. The people who are unskilled do minor labour undertakings around the farm such as screening out quality murphies from bad 1s, and the people who clean the murphies. Industrialism exists in The Netherlands in the signifier of auto, vesture, chemical and electrical machinery makers. The engineering used in auto fabrication includes mills where they build them, which have automatons, forklifts, and computing machines that all combine in the procedure of fabricating a auto. The division of labour in auto mills is done by accomplishment. The skilled employees of the auto mills are the Directors that are in authorization, forklift mechanics, robotic plans, sellers, advertizers and computing machine information analysts. The skilled workers have experience in the field based on figure of old ages, and or the sum of instruction they have received. Unskilled workers in a auto mill include line operators, janitorial workers, and forklift operators. Some degree of gardening is practiced in the Netherlands. They are known for their flowers but they besides use gardening to reap grapes, apples and cherries. Flowers are the Netherlands most celebrated usage of gardening. The Netherlands really hosts the largest flower market in the universe in Aalsmeer. In 1995, Dutch agriculturists produced over 8 billion blooms and the flower auctions jointly traded more than 5.4 billion guldens ( about $ 3.2 billion ) in cut flowers and potted workss, lending over 4 billion guldens yearly to the Dutch balance of trade. When flower plantsmans in the Netherlands works their flowers they use shovels to works the seeds. It takes a few yearss work to acquire some of the largest flower gardens planted. When the flowers have bloomed they use manus held cutters to cut the roots of the flower the arrange them into pots and assorted cosmetic corsages. They besides have simple pails filled with H2O to H2O the flowers. In the flower gardens the division of labour is done by accomplishment. It is normally the proprietor of the flower store who does the combine of the different flowers into corsages. The proprietor is the most skilled worker in the garden. The unskilled workers in the garden would be the people who works the seeds with their shovels and trowels. The same people who works the seeds are normally the same 1s who gather the flowers once they bloom, and do so utilizing manus powered cutters so conveying them to the individual who is responsible for seting them into corsages. The Netherlands is known for their usage of sheep in their vesture, but other animate beings are raised excessively. The elevation of cattles, hogs, and caprine animals are other illustrations of pastoralism. The people of the Netherlands usage merchandises from animate beings in their vesture and for nutrient. They besides use the animate beings themselves as a nutrient beginning such as the usage of butchered cattles and hogs for their meat. The method of raising animate beings in the Netherlands is done utilizing pastoralism. When a sheep pastoralist is turning sheep they use fencings to maintain the sheep from running off, they besides make common usage of barns to protect the sheep from conditions when they are non on the grazing land. To hydrate the sheep they use troughs filled with H2O, and the sheep provender themselves with grass from the grazing land. The chief usage of sheep in the Netherlands is for their pelt. The pelt on a sheep is cut off by husbandmans by garnering a sheep with sufficient pelt growing so the pelt is cut of utilizing razors and scissors, cleaned with coppices that have metal pins that stretch the wool, so whirl into narration utilizing big machines. The division of labour on the wool farms is done by accomplishment. The individual who owns the farm is the highest skilled individual on the farm and is normally the most experient. The proprietor is the 1 who supervises the other workers on the farm as they tend to the more simple undertakings designated for less skilled persons. The less skilled workers on the farms do undertakings such as make fulling the H2O troughs and garnering sheep to hold their fur cut. As in many other countries of the universe the people of the Netherlands usage Electronic Information Technology as a major subsistence scheme. Electronic Information Technology is used extensively in the Netherlands to maintain path of information such as banking, in libraries, instruction records, and touristry. Banking makes a heavy usage of Electronic Information Technology. The Bankss in the Netherlands usage computing machines hardware, package, hard currency registries, debit cards, money counters, and the cyberspace. The Banking is done with electronic and physical mediums where people desiring to pass money and hard currency cheques can travel to a bank Teller who so counts the money utilizing their custodies or a money counter, inputs the sum of hard currency withdrawn or deposited into a computing machine which has package that keeps path of history balances. The computing machine is connected to the cyberspace which enables other Bankss in to maintain path of the individuals account. When the individual has the money deposited they can pass the money in their history at shops and their money will be withdrawn accurately from their checking history. The division of labour at Bankss in the Netherlands is done by accomplishment. The most skilled people in a bank are the Managers. These people have accountant grades and old ages of experience in the banking field. The unskilled workers of the Bankss are the bank Tellers who normally have a grade in accounting but lack the experience of the more skilled directors. Other unskilled workers include security guards that protect hard currency when it is being transported, or janitors that clean the bank. Unskilled bank workers normally have a limited instruction merely a few old ages experience. Every field I have discussed combines a few or all of the subsistence schemes I have discussed. An illustration of this is the murphy husbandmans who use agribusiness as their chief subsistence scheme, but they combine other 1s to a lesser grade. For case the murphy husbandmans will utilize Electronic Information Technology to maintain path of the sum of murphies that they grow for different seasons, so compare the different growings to seek and better their harvests for the following season. The Netherlands employs a Centralized political system because they yield their sovereignty to a centralised monarchy every bit good as a democracy. The monarchy of the Netherlands is given power by birth but is non a major force of power in the Netherlands, and is largely for ceremonial intents. The monarchy has a minimum sum of power over the legislator. The monarchy usually merely subject measures to the legislator. The holders of the power in the Netherlands are the household of the monarchy which is merely legitimized through faith. The democracy of the Netherlands is legitimized by elections which are done locally utilizing Electronic Information Technology. The people who are allowed to vote are all citizens of the Netherlands above the age of 18. The constabulary force of the Netherlands is divided into divisions that are run by a Head Commissioner who manages the forces. There are many Head Commissioners throughout the Netherlands that all run a individual territory. The territories are divided into parts. The sum of single constabulary forces in the country is comparative to the sum of offense and population in the country. There are about 55,000 constabularies employees functioning in the Netherlands. There is besides a royal constabulary force in the Netherlands known as the Royal Marechaussee. The Marechaussee force was created by King William the 1st to protect and administrate the will and people of the sovereign, but they are now used as boundary line constabulary, military constabulary and for guard responsibilities. The biggest type of reciprocality used in the Netherlands is negative reciprocality. This is done with a pecuniary system. The currency used in the Netherlands is the Euro, so money gained in the Netherlands is functional all over Europe. The Netherlands employs market exchange based on supply and demand, so when something is in demand the monetary value of it goes up. Fresh grapes in the off season are more expensive than they are in crop season because they are less available and harder to obtain. The Netherlands uses value added exchange in the economic sciences. An illustration of the usage of value added exchange is when a individual goes to the shop to purchase an apple the shop charges more for the apple than they do paid for it themselves. The shop is doing usage of negative reciprocality to derive a net income. There are some facets of socialism in the Netherlands. Thingss such as health care and route revenue enhancements are illustrations of socialistic patterns. The healt h care in the Netherlands is really high quality but most people buy their ain health care insurance, but there is subsidised health care for people who are considered low income. If you are traveling to make concern in the Netherlands it is of import for you to be on clip. The Dutch are organized so they feel that even being a few proceedingss tardily is highly unprofessional. The Dutch value their relationships over clip and anticipate honestness in people? s concern patterns. When person in the Netherlands does concern with you they are usually seeking to acquire trueness and repetition concern. Christian religion is the largest faith followed in the Netherlands, so most of citizens are monotheistic and believe in the individual God that Christianity does. The largest faith is Roman Catholicism, whose disciples make up to 31 per centum of the population. The Dutch pattern Christian holidays such as Christmas and Easter with traditions of the vacations dwelling of spiritual rites. The honestness and humbleness that Catholicism encourages is evident in the cordial reception that the Dutch exhibit in a private environment in their places, every bit good as their concern patterns. Monogamy is the matrimony pattern that is supported in the Netherlands, this is a consequence of the Roman Catholic faith that is the largest faith in the Netherlands. When people get married in the Netherlands they choose their spouses by dating for usually old ages at a clip. They usually marry in their economic category, and ethnicity because they have a difficult clip meeting and relating to people from other categories or ethnicities. When people get married they do so because they are in love with each other and one time they marry they live in nonlocal homes. They still maintain contact with their drawn-out households but live with their atomic households. Normally the visit or are visited by their drawn-out households during vacations and particular occasions. Decent is traced through patrialiange because when people get married they get the name of the male line. Peoples refer to their family by gender where siblings are Brothers being male and Sisters being female. Parents are? Mother? which is female and? Father? which male. Peopless siblings kids are called Nieces for females and Nephews for males. In the Netherlands there are upper, in-between and lower category people who are divided by the size of their fiscal income. The largest category is the centers category which makes up more than half of the population of the Netherlands. The unemployment rate in the Netherlands is 4.2 per centum. I interviewed my brother who had spent a summer in Europe and visited Amsterdam for a weekend trip, and found that the most interesting thing to me that he talked about was the nutrient. He talked about how they cooked truly delightful home-style nutrients and that every eating house he visited tasted like he had a repast that was made merely for him. He said that the old edifice even houses added a batch of character to the architecture that you don t usually see in the United States. My brother was really able to see the Heineken Brewery in Amsterdam although he was non able to acquire a circuit. He said that the night life was really pretty urban which came as a surprise to me because I was anticipating to hold a more conservative attitude. My brother suspected that it was because of the metropolis and people he was remaining with that he had this experience. He besides noted that people ride their motorcycles far more frequently in Amsterdam than do here in the United States, whi ch he said was because they don? Ts have to worry so much about parking. He said that there were eating houses that you could order Pot in, and that it was acceptable and legal to smoke it. I found it interesting that a civilization that frequently characterizes itself with honestness and humbleness had such broad positions on drugs.Bibliographyâ€Å" Amsterdam Information Video Tour. † YouTube.com. 26 Dec. 2006. Web. 4 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/ & A ; gt ; . â€Å" Amsterdamn Landmarks and Amsterdam Mounuments. † World Guides.com. Web. 6 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.world-guides.com/ & A ; gt ; . â€Å" Economy of the Netherlands. † Wikipedia.com. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page & A ; gt ; . â€Å" Floral Industry. † Wikipedia.com. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page & A ; gt ; . â€Å" Geography of the Netherlands. † Wikipedia.com. Web. 1 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page & A ; gt ; . Gormley, Myra Vanderpool. â€Å" The Duch Touch Upon America. † Genealogymagazine.com. Web. 1 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.genealogymagazine.com/index.html & A ; gt ; . â€Å" Royal Marechaussee. † Wikipedia.com. Web. 3 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page & A ; gt ; . â€Å" Vote in National Elections – the Netherlands. † AngloInfo. 8 Apr. 2010. Web. 5 Apr. 2010. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //hollandsouth.angloinfo.com/ & A ; gt ; .